this paper examines the historical development of operations research (or) and represents different or methods (methodologies) developed during its lifetime. then, considering thomas kuhn’s paradigm model of scientific development as a basis for our work, the former and current status of or are analyzed and the future trend is discussed.

The study of leadership has evolved over the years, focusing on different approaches. In early nineteenth century, focused traits, skills, and behavioral situational approaches leaders. recent years focus emphasized servant leadership, authenticity, charisma. This article focuses charismatic theory propounded by Max Weber. aims at analyzing style evangelist Reinhard Bonnke. starts with a defini...

the aim of this study is investigation of the relation between theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers in curriculum implementation paradigms. in this article, three relationships between theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge were presented. these were formed with regard to three paradigms in curriculum studies field which based on relationship between theory and practice. three...

This study attempted a literary discourse analysis of Unnikrishnan’s debut book Temporary People (Unnikrishnan,2017) diasporic text that presents socio-cultural patterns immigrants in the Gulf region, with language emerging as strong tool. The aim this was to attempt an inter-sectional Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Diaspora suggest new paradigm shift research studies both genres. themat...

the new competitive environment changes the paradigm of power system operation. in the transmission area, open access process provides fair accessibility for all market participants. congestion management is one of the most important side effects of this new process. this paper proposes a new approach for congestion management which is based on both active and reactive re-dispatch of the networ...

the main aim of this study was identifying effects of post modernism paradigm and to criticize of its functions in the field of curriculum and its epistemological domains. to get this purpose, it was used an analytical-inferential method. after inquiring in viewpoints of advocate and critic thinkers of this intellectual stream, the results were demonstrated that although this paradigm has insuf...

In this article we sustain that Contextual Constraint Logic Programming (CxCLP for short) is a useful paradigm in which to specify and implement Organizational Information Systems, particularly when integrated with the ISCO mediator framework. We briefly introduce the language and its underlying paradigm, appraising it from the angle of both of its ancestries: Logic and Object-Oriented Programm...