A chiral, crown-ether-functionalized bisurea gelator forms supramolecular gels in ionic liquids. The resulting ionogels show a remarkably high thermal stability with gel-sol transition temperatures (T(gs)) reaching more than 100 °C. The mechanical strength of these ionogels is surprisingly high and even comparable to that of cross-linked protein fibres. Furthermore, the ionogels exhibit rapid s...

An algorithm is presented for automated detection–delineation of coniferous tree regeneration that combines strategies of several existing algorithms, including image processing to isolate conifer crowns, optimal image scale determination, initial crown detection, and crown boundary segmentation and refinement. The algorithm is evaluated using 6-cm pixel airborne imagery in operational regenera...

Integrated spectral and spatial analysis of high-resolution multispectral imagery provides a means to assess forest structural condition in a variety of applications. This paper describes a research program to develop methods for characterizing forest structural condition in assessment of damage due to anthropogenic and natural factors and in regeneration assessment. Three applications are pres...

Competition indices are an attempt to quantify in a simple expression, the effects of neighboring plants on the growth of an individual tree. Many such indices have been proposed, and although few have reached operational use, this research has provided insights into tree growth and competition. Competition indices offer little utility for yield forecasting in "typical" stands. Few indices prov...

This study was conducted in a Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolia plantation within the Xiaotaojiagou watershed of Winter Olympic venues (Chongli competition area) to explore influence forest growth factors, soil physical properties, nutrients, and other factors on index (CI) dominant trees plantation. A 20 m × sample square established every 300 m, total plots were set. The Hegyi single-tree model ...

In most cases forest practice in Austria use yield tables to predict the growth of their forests. Common yield tables show the increment of pure even-aged stands which are treated in a way the table developer recommends. The usage of these tables in stands which are either unevenaged, mixed or treated in another way, may lead to inaccurate predictions. To avoid these problems, forest growth mod...