Crystal cryocooling is usually employed to reduce radiation damage during X-ray crystallography. Recently, a high-pressure cryocooling method has been developed which results in excellent diffraction-quality crystals without the use of penetrative cryoprotectants. Three new developments of the method are presented here: (i) Xe-He high-pressure cryocooling for Xe SAD phasing, (ii) native sulfur ...

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of two different concentrations of cryoprotectants by Cryotop vitrification on survival and Heat shock protein 72 (Hspa1a) expression of two-cell mouse embryos. Materials and Methods: Different cryoprotectants’ concentrations of the combination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) were used and compared with each other...

In response to low environmental temperatures third instar larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, undergo the process of cold-hardening in which they acquire freeze-tolerance. Cold-hardening includes the elevation of the supercooling point, the temperature at which body water spontaneously freezes, and the accumulation of the low-molecular-mass cryoprotectants, glycerol, sorbito...

freeze-drying is a common preservation technology in the pharmaceutical industry. various studies have investigated the effect of different cryoprotectants on probiotics during freeze-drying. however, information on the effect of cryoprotectants on the stability of some lactobacillus strains during freeze-drying seems scarce. therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish production m...

The focus of this paper is to review best practices for rapid-cooling cryopreservation oocytes and embryos. discussion includes the types cryoprotectants cryo devices typically used. Key performance indicators vitrification success are defined.

Steinernema feltiae is a moderately freeze-tolerant entomopathogenic nematode which survives intracellular freezing. We have detected by gas chromatography that infective juveniles of S. feltiae produce cryoprotectants in response to cold acclimation and to freezing. Since the survival of this nematode varies with temperature, we analyzed their cryoprotectant profiles under different acclimatio...

We investigated the feasibility of cryopreservation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) blastomeres and primordial germ cells (PGCs) by rapid freezing of dechorionated whole embryos at the blastula, gastrula and segmentation stages. Initially we examined the glass-forming properties and embryo toxicities of 5 cryoprotectants: methanol (MeOH), ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene gl...

In this study the efficacy of the combination of glycerol (GLY) and ethylene glycol (EG) as cryoprotectants in a vitrification method developed for direct embryo transfer was evaluated by in vitro development of in vitro fertilized (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos after vitrification. The IVF and SCNT blastocysts were vitrified in either 40% GLY, 30% GLY + 10% EG, or 20% G...

L-Proline is one of Mother Nature's cryoprotectants. Plants and yeast accumulate proline under freeze-induced stress and the use of proline in the cryopreservation of biological samples is well established. Here, it is shown that L-proline is also a useful cryoprotectant for protein crystallography. Proline was used to prepare crystals of lysozyme, xylose isomerase, histidine acid phosphatase a...