We present a theory for the nonequilibrium current in a mesoscopic Josephson junction which is coupled to a normal electron reservoir, and apply it to a chaotic junction. Large sample-to-sample fluctuations of the critical current Ic are found, with rms Ic.ANeD/\ , when the voltage difference eV between the electron reservoir and the junction exceeds the superconducting gap D and the number of ...

Increasing the efficiency, frequency, and speed of rail defect detection can reduce maintenance costs improve sustainability railways. The non-contact eddy current (EC) system be operated along with a railcar for detecting flaws. Even if EC utilized identification characterization, commercial devices are not sufficient classification on rails by providing highly sensitive signals post-processin...

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) is a versatile technique in preparative separation and purification of pure compounds from complex matrices. As a preparative chromatography, there is a need to maximize the column production. Based on the plate theory of Van Deemter, the effect of the sample load on the separation was investigated in a preparative HSCCC with a 1000 ml column ca...

1. Introduction The Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) conducted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Department of Health and Human Services, is a continuous sample survey of Medicare beneficiaries residing in the United States and Puerto Rico. The MCBS collects data on access to health care, health status, source of care, health care utilization and costs, satisfac...

BACKGROUND The belief remains widespread that medical research studies must have statistical power of at least 80% in order to be scientifically sound, and peer reviewers often question whether power is high enough. DISCUSSION This requirement and the methods for meeting it have severe flaws. Notably, the true nature of how sample size influences a study's projected scientific or practical va...