The Fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification digestive system and American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual contain substantial refinements information for esophageal tumors. epithelial tumors esophagus are classified as benign, dysplasia, malignant groups. Dysplasia is divided into Barrett dysplasia squamous graded either low-grade or high-grade. Malignant often ad...

We report two sibs of Turkish descent with multiple congenital anomalies including severe microcephaly, hygroma colli, cystic renal dysplasia, and bilateral cutaneous syndactyly of toes IV-V. In addition, the second sib presented with bilateral fusion of the eyelids, a bicornuate uterus, and clitoromegaly. The parents are first cousins, which suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. In reviewi...

BACKGROUND Renal dysplasia is the most important cause of end-stage renal disease in children. The histopathological characteristic of dysplasia is primitive tubules with fibromuscular disorganization. Renal dysplasia often includes metaplastic cartilage. Metaplastic cartilage in renal dysplasia has been explained as occurring secondary to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Additionally, renal dyspla...

Joubert syndrome is a very rare disorder characterized by respiratory irregularities, nystagmus, hypotonia, and global developmental delay with abnormalities of cerebellum. We present two cases of this syndrome with different phenotypes. The first case was an 8-month-old girl with hypotonia, apnea, and mild developmental delay as well as retinal degeneration and unilateral renal cystic dysplasi...

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MGS) is a rare and lethal ciliopathic disorder, with the incidence ranging between 1 in 13 000-400 000 live births. MGS is characterized by multisystem developmental malformations with the classical features of renal cystic dysplasia, occipital encephalocele and post-axial polydactyly. Except for occipital encephalocele, the CNS abnormalities associated with MGS that are...

Cystic dysplasia of the testis (CDT) is a benign, congenital malformation of the testis and a rare cause of painless scrotal swelling in children, mimicking testicular cancer. It is commonly unilateral, often associated with ipsilateral wolffian duct and ureteral abnormalities. Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis (CDT) represents a diagnostic challenge made easier if age, precise localisation, ...

teratomas are rare germline tumors that originate from one or more embryonic germ cell layers. teratoma of the kidney is extremely rare, and less than 30 cases of primary intrarenal teratomas have been published to date. we report the main radiologic features of an unusual case of mature cystic teratoma arising from the left kidney in a two-year-old boy. a left-sided abdominal mass was detected...