recent studies have established that sex hormones directly or indirectly affect t and b cells and macrophages by manipulating the production of cytokines. in this study the possibility of the effect of 5a-dht on macrophage (mφ) nitric oxide (no) release via interleukin-l, 6 (ll-1β, il-6) or tumor necrosis factor-a (tnfα) was investigated. the endogenous cytokines il-1β, il-6 and tnf-α were neut...

the immune response to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) is influenced by several factors, of which hla antigens and balanced secretion of th1/th2 cytokines play important roles. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hla antigens on cytokine secretion by hbsag-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from healthy neonates vaccinated with recombinant hbsag. pbmcs w...

respiratory virus infection is a major cause of asthma exacerbation. however, the underlying mechanisms of  this exacerbation  are unknown. therefore,  to  determine  the mechanisms, we examined the effect of influenza infection in a murine model of asthma.mice were divided into four groups: the phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), house dust mite (hdm), influenza, and hdm/influenza groups. the inf...

obesity is an important public health problem and major risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. adipose tissue is the major component involved in the control of the metabolism through energy homeostasis, adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity and the activation of anti-inflammatory metabolic and immune pathways. leptin and adiponectin pathways are involved in proliferation process...

inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is an irregular response of immune system accompanied with different inflammatory manifestations including alterations in cytokines. probiotics are non-pathogenic organisms with probable effects in various conditions such as inflammation. the present study hypothesized whether oral intake of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in form of probiotic yogurt may repre...

t cells have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. however, the exact role of t-cell subpopulations in this pathway is presently unknown. the purpose of this study was to assess the expression pattern of two lineage-specifying transcription factors gata - 3 and t - bet , which are important in t helper type 1 (th1) and th2 cell development , respectively. gene e...

objective(s):pentoxifylline is an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent and is used in vascular disorders. it has been shown that pentoxifylline inhibits proinflammatory [d1] cytokines production. the purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on the treatment of autoimmune diabetes in mice. materials and methods: diabetes was induced by multiple l...

introduction: based on human studies, inequality and social injustice have adverse effects on the individual and community health. in this study, the effects of food intake inequality and social status changes on pain perception and immunological factors were investigated in balb/c mice. methods: the present study was conducted by implementing different social stresses including food deprivatio...

background: preeclampsia (pe) is one of the most complex and life-threatening pregnancy disorders and is considered as a major cause of mortality among mothers and fetuses worldwide. although the exact etiology of pe is not well known several lines of evidence support an immunological etiology for pe. objective: to investigate the differences in the expression of tlrs 2, 4, 5, and 6 and a group...

background: although the imbalance of cytokines in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) is well known, there is scarce data regarding its occurrence during dysplasia, before the malignant transformation. objective: to determine whether laryngeal dysplasia patients show a different cytokine profile than patients with cancer and healthy controls. methods: seventeen newly diagnosed, untre...