results mean urinary il-1α, il-4, il-6, and il-8 concentrations significantly increased in the acute phase of apn compared to the control group, and decreased following antibiotic treatment. conclusions we recommend routine urinalysis and urine culture for the diagnosis of children with apn. urinary il-4 was a relatively good cytokine for the prediction and treatment-monitoring of children with...

the aim of this study was to analyze 22 cytokine polymorphisms in the roma population from the republic of macedonia. the roma population consists of 77 healthy unrelated individuals, residents of different geographical regions of the republic of macedonia (skopje, gostivar, and kochani). blood samples were collected after obtaining written consent. dna was isolated from peripheral blood and 22...

one of the most important problems in neuroscience researches is the understanding what is the communication between the immune system and central nervous system. proinflammatory factors play an important role in this communication. the dysregulation of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines is a central feature in the development of neuroinflammation.one of the important  cyt...

background:it has been hypothesized that genetic factors other than histocompatibility disparity may play a role in predisposition to developing chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml). in this regard, th1 and th2 cytokines and their gene polymorphism seems to be important. overall expression and secretion of cytokines is dependent, at least in part, on genetic polymorphism (nucleotide variations) w...

background almost one-third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, but only 10% of them develop tuberculosis. tnf-α/il-10 balance has key roles in controlling latent/activation stages of tuberculosis. objectives the objective of this study was to determine an association between polymorphic variants of the tnf-α and il-10 genes and tuberculosis. patients and meth...

background: repeated implantation failure (rif) is one of the most intricate obstacles in assisted reproduction. the cytokine and chemokine composition of uterine cavity seem to play important roles in the implantation process. objective: to compare the cytokine profile in the endometrium of normal fertile women and those with repeated implantation failure. methods: after enzymatic digestion of...

t lymphocytes that are involved in cellular mediated immunity include two types known as tcd8+ (cytotoxic t lymphocytes) and tcd4+ (helper t lymphocytes). tcd4+ has four main subtypes, including th1, th2, th17, and treg lymphocytes.th17 lymphocytes play a role in defense against microbes that th1 and th2 lymphocytes have not the ability to respond to them. the most important cytokines, which ar...

background: β-thalassemia as a hereditary disease is defined as defective synthesis of   β-globin chains, resulting in erythropoiesis abnormalities and severe anemia. different studies have shown that cytokines and cytokine gene polymorphisms play a major role in the pathogenesis of   β-thalassemia. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) within the promoter region or other regulatory sequences ...

background: cytokines play a fundamental role in the regulation of immune responses in remission and/or relapsing of leishmaniasis. therefore, immunotherapy for the treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) has represented a principle approach in control of the infection. the present research aimed to evaluating the immunotherapeutic potential of a novel herbal immunomodulator drug (imod...

introduction: studies have shown the regulatory role of leptin in bone formation, its expression in adipose tissue as well as increased levels in circulation following the adminstration of inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides (lps). however, there is little data evaluating the role of leptin in inflammatory periapical lesions. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and c...