Joule-Thomson cooling systems are used in refrigeration processes such as cryogenic gas liquefaction. Although extensive studies have been carried out by researchers, most of them include cryogenic heat exchangers and their associated fields. In the current study, an attempt was made to indicate the effect of using inappropriate operational conditions in a cryogenic Joule-Thomson cooling system...

The components in top-fuel dragster and stock car engines undergo significantly more force than their production passenger vehicle counterparts do. Therefore, they must be manufactured and processed to withstand those forces so that they do not catastrophically fail while in service. In this project, the effects of austempering and adding a cryogenic processing step to the control quench and do...

The word, “Cryogenics” is taken from two Greek words – “kryos” which means cold or freezing, and “genes” meaning born or generated. Technologically, it means the study and use of materials (or other requirements) at very low temperatures. In general cryogenic treatment consists of slow cooling already heat treated part to approximately -196C, holding at low temperature up to prescribed period, ...

For cost effective machining it is necessary to identify and quantify changes in tool material machining characteristics. Cryoprocessing, a supplementary process to conventional heat treatment, involves deepfreezing of materials at cryogenic temperatures to enhance the mechanical and physical properties. The execution of cryoprocessing on cutting tool materials increases wear resistance, hardne...

17-4ph stainless steel is a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel that provides an outstandingcombination of high strength, good corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, good toughness in both base metal and welds, and short time, low-temperature heat treatments that minimize warpage and scaling. this valuable alloy is widely used in the aerospace, nuclear, chemical, petr...

Tool steels used in marine industries demand for the effective approach to enhance their properties. Normally, conventional heat treatment is widely increase performance of tool steels. However, this method cannot fully steel performance. On other hand, cryogenic a supplementary process treatment, which can promote conversion retained austenite martensite and accelerate precipitation fine carbi...