Using the geometrical optics approximation, a theoretical prediction of the deflection angle correlation of a laser beam propagating in a hot turbulent jet is found as a functional form of the turbulent spectrum of the refractive index fluctuations. By applying the modified Von Karman model and Tatarskii model, the structure coefficient of the refractive index and the deflection angle correlati...

I argue that, according to ordinary morality, there is moral inertia, that is, moral pressure to fail to intervene in certain circumstances. Moral inertia is manifested in scenarios with a particular causal structure: deflection scenarios, where a threatening or benefiting process is diverted from a group of people to another. I explain why the deflection structure is essential for moral inerti...

The beam deflection of a guided mode in a planar optical waveguide is analyzed. The deflexion is caused by a gradual change in the depth of the waveguide that is transversal to its propagation direction. The beam deflection angle could be modulated by a change in the refractive index at the surface layer of the waveguide. We present numerical results to evaluate the deflexion in the case of a g...

this article studied static deflection, natural frequency and nonlinear vibration of a clamped-clamped microbeam under discontinues electrostatic actuation. the electrostatic actuation was induced by applying ac-dc voltage between the microbeam and electrode plate. in contrast to previous works, it was assumed that length of the electrode plate was smaller than that of the microbeam. in additio...

A laboratory robot with 3m links is modeled using an assumed mode method. The model is compared to experiments and to several theoretical limiting cases. The most demanding comparison is the comparison of frequency response results for joint motion, link deflection and tip deflection. We conclude that with care the models of an arm can be effective in controller design in spite of hydraulic act...

Mechanical foundations and pavements design need a perfect prediction of the response of the material to reach a reliable and safe structure. This work deals with the thermoelastic response of microbeams rested on a two-parameter viscoelastic foundation due to a magnetic field in the context of the dual - phase lag thermoelasticity model. The solutions of the governing equations are attained us...

The common goal of all aerospace advancements is safe, efficient air transportation. Current methods for achieving directional stability—control surfaces such as flaps and ailerons—are heavy and inefficient. If these bulky mechanisms were replaced with an ultra-lightweight morphing structure, efficiency could be increased by cutting drag and weight. In this project, an active truss structure ha...

Accurate determination of the pull-in, or the collapse voltage is critical in the design process. In this paper an analytical method is presented that provides a more accurate determination of the pull-in voltage for MEMS capacitive devices with clamped square diaphragm. The method incorporates both the linearized modle of the electrostatic force and the nonlinear deflection model of a clamped ...