R. Marcen, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Ramon Y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.1, E-28034 Madrid (Spain) Dear Sir, In a previous double-blind short-term study [1], we observed the beneficial effects of cool dialysate on hemo-dialysis-induced symptoms in a group of selected patients with frequent episodes of symptomatic hypotension (SH). Later on, those results were confirmed when using co...

Treatment of anemia remains an integral component in the care of patients with end stage kidney disease receiving dialysis. Currently, both erythropoiesis stimulating agents and iron replacement agents remain important anemia management strategies for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Ferric pyrophosphate citrate (FPC) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in January 2015 a...

Intradialytic vascular instability continues to be one of the most frequent complications in elderly haemodialysis patients. Signs of impending hypotension such as sweating, apprehension, tachycardia, nausea, or vomiting may be infrequent in the geriatric population. The onset of hypotension in the elderly may be sudden and profound and may lead to serious consequences such as myocardial infarc...

Considerable amounts of heat may be lost or gained through the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis and influence the hemodynamic stability of the dialysis patient. The effects of two levels of extracorporeal heat flux (Jtherm in W) on blood pressures and ultrafiltration-induced blood volume changes were studied in eight patients on conventional hemodialysis. Treatments were controlled au...

Spreading depolarizations occur spontaneously and frequently in injured human brain. They propagate slowly through injured tissue often cycling around a local area of damage. Tissue recovery after an spreading depolarization requires greatly augmented energy utilisation to normalise ionic gradients from a virtually complete loss of membrane potential. In the injured brain, this is difficult bec...

In the mid-1980s, limits and side effects of contemporary hemodialysis were basically due to short treatment time, use of low-flux membranes and employment of acetate-buffered dialysate. These were already associated with a relatively high morbidity and cardiovascular mortality as part of diaysis-related pathology. Based on these considerations, the concept of on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF) wa...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution and removal dynamics of the main fluorophores during dialysis by analyzing the spent dialysate samples to prove the hypothesis whether the fluorescence of spent dialysate can be utilized for monitoring removal of any of the protein bound uremic solute. A high performance liquid chromatography system was used to separate and quantify fluorop...

A 68-year-old woman with end-stage diabetic nephropathy undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for 2 years was admitted for septic shock with coma, who was found hours earlier. Physical examination revealed an unconscious febrile woman with blood pressure of 84/ 49 mmHg. Blood tests showed a haemoglobin of 11.5 (normal 12–15) g/dL, white blood cell (WBC) count of 11.3 (normal 3.8–...

sea shores of gilan province is one off the biggest tourist attractions in iran. this area have valuable forests and grasslands. in addition it provides significant amount of corps like rice, tea, olive. considering this facts, environmental protection of this area must be priority for national government. however waste management instruction have been ratified in iran, there isn’t any specific...