Distance sampling is a widely used methodology for assessing animal abundance. A key requirement of distance sampling is that samplers (lines or points) are placed according to a randomized design, which ensures that samplers are positioned independently of animals. Often samplers are placed along linear features such as roads, so that bias is expected if animals are not uniformly distributed w...

BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among African Americans. Ambient air pollution, including from traffic, is associated with HF, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to estimate the cross-sectional associations between residential distance to major roadways with markers of cardiac structure: left ventricular (LV) mas...

In order to assess the impact of human activities on chimpanzee behavior, we compared reactions to humans of Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) living in proximity to and at a distance from roads and settlements in the Bili-Uele landscape in Northern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We found that chimpanzees in the remote Gangu Forest were more likely to show curious or...

plants polluted with pb produced by automobiles along the roads and highways have extensively been reported all over the world. it is the most important source of pollution in the environment. this research was carried out to determine the polluting degree of plants along the highways such as: rasht-anzaly, kelachay-ramsar, tehran-karaj, and isfahan-tehran. at each arbitrary point, a transect 1...

A key goal in road ecology is to determine which species are most vulnerable to the negative effects of roads on population persistence. Theory suggests that species that avoid roads are less likely to be negatively affected by roads than those that do not avoid roads. The goal of this study was to take a step toward testing this prediction by evaluating the behavioral response to roads and tra...

background: the aim of this study was to assess the effects of road deicing salt on the quality of the ground water resources in hamadan province during winter season. methods: water samples were taken monthly from thirty wells located around the hamadan-asadabad highway. the quality of well water was examined by measuring amount of sodium, chloride, total hardness, total dissolved solid, elect...

habitat associations of wild sheep, alborz red sheep (ovis orientalis gemelini x ovis orientalis arkali ), in khojir and sorkheh hesar national parks were studied over three seasons (spring, autumn and winter) in 2000. the position of observed maternal groups (including ewe with lamb) and male groups (including rams, barren ewes and juveniles) were determined on topographical maps during the fi...