Migraine is a common, disabling problem with three phases: premonitory, main headache attack, and postdrome. The headache phase is thought to involve activation of trigeminal neurons, whereas the premonitory and postdrome phases may involve dopaminergic mechanisms. In animal studies, dopamine has been found to cause vasodilation of cranial arteries at very low doses. Using intravital microscopy...

Subtype-selective antagonists of the peripheral-type (CCK-A) and the central-type (CCK-B) cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors were employed to determine the receptor subtype(s) mediating the modulatory actions of CCK on dopamine-induced changes in exploratory activity at three sites in the mesolimbic pathway of the rat. The CCK-A antagonist L-364,718 (10 ng) blocked CCK potentiation of dopamine-ind...

Nausea and vomiting are mediated primarily by three neurotransmitter pathways: visceral stimulation releases dopamine and serotonin; vestibular and central nervous system activation release histamine and acetylcholine; and chemoreceptor trigger zone activation releases dopamine and serotonin. Clinicians can improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments by targeting the appropri...

High-voltage spindles (HVSs) have been reported to appear spontaneously and widely in the cortical-basal ganglia networks of rats. Our previous study showed that dopamine depletion can significantly increase the power and coherence of HVSs in the globus pallidus (GP) and motor cortex of freely moving rats. However, it is unclear whether dopamine regulates HVS activity by acting on dopamine D₁-l...

BACKGROUND Although animal studies have raised the possibility that prolactin-elevating dopamine antagonists used to treat psychotic disorders may initiate and promote breast cancers, epidemiologic studies in humans have been limited and inconsistent. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 52 819 women exposed and 55 289 not exposed to dopamine antagonists between January 1, 19...

Dopamine released in the nucleus accumbens is thought to contribute to the decision to exert effort to seek reward. This hypothesis is supported by findings that performance of tasks requiring higher levels of effort is more susceptible to disruption by manipulations that reduce accumbens dopamine function than tasks that require less effort. However, performance of some low-effort cue-respondi...

Regional rat brain uptake of [18F]GBR 13119, a high specific activity, positron-emitter labeled derivative of the potent dopamine uptake antagonist GBR 12935, is reported. Striatum to cerebellum ratios of 3 are obtained at 90 minutes post injection. Specific binding in striatum can be blocked by pretreatment with dopamine uptake system antagonists (mazindol, nomifensine) but not with receptor a...

The effects of putative retinal neurotransmitters and several neuropeptides on 3H-dopamine release from isolated perfused carp (Cyprinus carpio) retinas were studied. Of the transmitter candidates tested, only serotonin (5-HT) and the 5-HT agonist tryptamine released 3H-dopamine. However, the release evoked by these agents was calcium (Ca2+) independent and not blockable by the 5-HT antagonist ...