In this paper I show how the statistics of the gravitational field is changed when the system is characterized by a non-uniform distribution of particles. I show how the distribution functions W (F) and W (F, dF/dt), giving the joint probability that a test particle is subject to a force F and an associated rate of change of F given by dF/dt, are modified by inhomogeneity. Then I calculate the ...

We study the Fisher model describing natural selection in a population with a diploid structure of a genome by differential- geometric methods. For the selection dynamics we introduce an affine connection which is shown to be the projectively Euclidean and the equiaffine one. The selection dynamics is reformulated similar to the motion of an effective particle moving along the geodesic lines in...

This paper explores the temperature dependent h terojunction beh vi r of n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires/pSi diodes. The device behavior at different temperatures in forward as well as reverse biased conditions are studied and reported. From the detailed electrical properties, it is confirmed that the fabricated p–n diode showed a good stability over the temperature range of 25–130 C. The tur...

Implicit in most large-scale numerical analyses of the crystal growth from the melt is the assumption that the shape and position of the phase boundary are determined by the transport phenomena coupled strongly to the melt hydrodynamics. In the present numerical study, the interface shape-effect on the convective interactions in a Czochralski oxide melt is described. It was demonstrated that th...

In order to obtain reproducible quantitative result for constituents of plant materials, the grinding of sample and extraction of a sieve fraction with a predefined average particle size is advised. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of particle size of marihuana on the extraction recovery of THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) applying supercritical fluid extraction as...

We propose a reliability measure that identifies informative image cues useful for registration, and present a novel, data-driven approach to spatially adapt regularization to the local image content via use of the proposed measure. We illustrate the generality of this adaptive regularization approach within a powerful discrete optimization framework and present various ways to construct a spat...

background: the shielding methods in radiotherapy due to delivering an accurate radiation dose to cancer tissues and avoiding unnecessary dose to normal tissues are very important. these methods include lead standard blocks, individual molding and multi leaf collimator (mlc). the mlc method is not still common in iran radiotherapy centers. individual molding is better than the lead block shield...

background: natural background radiation of a particular region is one of the distinctive factors defining the status of environment. eloor island is an industrial area in ernakulum district of the state of kerala, india. the indoor and outdoor gamma level measurements have been carried out for the region for evaluating the annual effective dose to the population residing in this area. material...