Organizations can’t develop production and effectiveness of their own without voluntary willingness of people to cooperate. Because, people do their duties based on acceptable rules and regulations of an organization in forced mod. But people express their effort energy and knowledge to flourish their abilities in favor of the organization in voluntary cooperation. Since organizational citizens...

organizational citizenship behavior, as an optional and intelligent behavior of the personnel, has a significant impression on the individual and organizational conducts and make the personnel to do their duties much better than expected and assigned by their job description. meanwhile, self-efficacy of the personnel, relaying on their ability and talent, has a determining role in encouraging a...

objective: citizenship identity as it is understood from the component words is a kind of distinction and recognition of intimates from outsiders which has a historical background. meaning of citizenship holds the concepts such as rights, responsibilities and duties, as well as a sense of belonging that in accordance with others and executive agencies will be meaningful and indicates a kind of ...

A conception of global citizenship should not be viewed as separate from, or synonymous with, the cosmopolitan moral orientation, but as a primary component of it. Global citizenship is fundamentally concerned with individual moral requirements in the global frame. Such requirements, framed here as belonging to the category of individual cosmopolitanism, offer guidelines on right action in the ...

Since the birth of the nation, concepts about the political duties of citizens have changed drastically to keep pace with growth and development. The information needs have changed as well, as have the institutions that supply this information. In this essay I analyze the interrelation between citizenship in the twenty-first century and the information supply that nourishes it. I focus on studi...

Contemporary green political theory has paid little attention to the role that economic organisations can play in the cultivation and expression of green citizenship. This paper argues that the ethos and structure of organisations within the social economy – for example, cooperatives, mutuals and voluntary associations – appear particularly well suited for the development of relevant dispositio...