Risk assessments performed at the conceptual design phase of a product may offer the greatest opportunity to increase product safety and reliability at the least cost. This is an especially difficult proposition, however, as often the product has not assumed a physical form at this early design stage. This paper introduces the Risk in Early Design (RED) method, a method for performing risk asse...

The ability to distinguish between objects is the fundamental to learning and intelligent behavior in general. The difference between two things is the information we seek; the processed information is actually the base for the knowledge. Automatic extraction of knowledge has been in interest ever since the advent of computing, and has received a wide attention with the successes of data mining...

T o discover that there is uncertainty about the sex of one’s newborn baby is devastating and often incomprehensible for most parents. It is paramount that clear explanations and investigations are commenced promptly, and that no attempt is made to guess the sex of the baby. Extreme sensitivity is required, and ideally the baby should be managed in a tertiary centre by a multidisciplinary team ...

Objectives: We aimed to compare the use of cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis in health technology assessment in Poland. Methods: We analyzed all the submissions (155) made to the Polish Agency for Health Technology Assessment in the period 2007 to 2011, with 316 intervention-comparator comparisons reporting incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) or incremental cost-ut...