background: the present work aims to study the out-of-field photon calculation accuracy of a commercial treatment planning system (tps), oncentra, for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3d-crt) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (imrt) treatment techniques from elekta synergy medical linear accelerator. materials and methods: accuracy of individual out-of-field dose components was...

Given a set P of n points in R, let d1 > d2 > . . . denote all distinct inter-point distances generated by point pairs in P . It was shown by Schur, Martini, Perles, and Kupitz that there is at most one d-dimensional regular simplex of edge length d1 whose every vertex belongs to P . We extend this result by showing that for any k the number of d-dimensional regular simplices of edge length dk ...

introduction: dacryocystorhinostomy (dcr), a popular surgical procedure, has been performed using an endoscopic approach over recent years. excellent anatomical knowledge is required for this endoscopic surgical approach. this study was performed in order to better evaluate the anatomical features of the lacrimal apparatus from cadavers in the isfahan forensic center as a sample of the iranian ...

Background: The present work aims to study the out-of-field photon calculation accuracy of a commercial treatment planning system (TPS), Oncentra, for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment techniques from Elekta Synergy medical linear accelerator. Materials and Methods: Accuracy of individual out-of-field dose components was...

The stress distribution on the tip of the cracks and the stress intensity factor on them are the main courses in the fracture mechanic. The stress intensity factor of the cracks with the different load exited and the different geometry are listed in the tables of the standard books. In all of them, the cracks are located in the central point of the plates. In the uniform edge loaded case, the c...

Roll forming process is used for manufacturing sheet metal parts by successive bending and creating the final shape with gradual deformation. In this article, deformation of a pre-punched sheet due to the roll forming process was studied. Two main defects in the roll forming process are ovality of holes and bow defect. The ovality of the hole is influenced by the process parameters including sh...

Let G be a finite connected graph. The degree distance D′(G) of G is defined as ∑ {u,v}⊆V (G)(deg u + deg v) dG(u, v), where degw is the degree of vertex w and dG(u, v) denotes the distance between u and v in G. In this paper, we give asymptotically sharp upper bounds on the degree distance in terms of order and edge-connectivity.

Edge shift distance between isomorphism classes of graphs, introduced by M. Johnson, is investigated in the case of trees and compared with other distances .