one of the most important advantages of particle simulation as compared to fluid simulation is the capacity for working with and tracing particles. in particle simulations, the test particle method is usually used to get some idea of the behavior of plasma or other substances. in this method, first, a small number of particles are injected into the frame of static electromagnetic fields. then, ...

The analysis and calculation of the armature electromagnetic force is premise studying dynamic characteristics railgun. Aiming at problem numerical solution “pseudo-oscillation” high speed, an extrapolation prediction method based on Deep Belief Network-Deep Neural Network (DBN-DNN) proposed. Firstly, field control equation dynamics equation, considering influence movement, are given, finite el...

A theoretical method for the systematic definition and determination of Cartesian and spherical electromagnetic (onshell) formfactors and multipole moments for particles or composite systems from electromagnetic Breit-frame current distributions is presented. The method presented is free of sign ambiguities and is not based on the underlying analytical substructure of the electromagnetic curren...

A method of presenting electromagnetic theory in accordance with the principle of causality is described. Two ‘causal’ equations expressing time-dependent electric and magnetic fields in terms of their causative sources by means of retarded integrals are used as the fundamental electromagnetic equations. Maxwell’s equations are derived from these ‘causal’ equations. Except for the fact that Max...