This paper describes a communication concept in the distribution power network with dispersed energy resources (DER), which regulates and controls the voltage profile in the power network. The communication concept is based on fast links between checkpoints on feeders and on DER. The advantage of this concept is establishing communication among all DERs, feeders and the area control center, whi...

For the Broadwell model of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation, there are shock profile solutions, i.e. smooth traveling waves that connect two equilibrium states. For weak shock waves, we prove asymptotic (in time) stability with respect to small perturbations of the initial data. Following the work of Liu [7] on shock wave stability for viscous conservation laws, the method consists of analyzing...

We suggest a physical mechanism whereby the acceleration time of cosmic rays (CRs) by shock waves can be significantly reduced. This creates the possibility of particle acceleration beyond the knee energy at!10 eV. The acceleration results from a nonlinear modification of the flow ahead of the shock supported by particles already accelerated to the kneemomentum at p ! p". The particles gain ene...

It is argued and demonstrated by particle-in-cell simulations that the synchrotron maser instability could develop at the front of a relativistic, magnetized shock. The instability generates strong low-frequency electromagnetic waves propagating both upstream and downstream of the shock. Upstream of the shock, these waves make electrons lag behind ions so that a longitudinal electric field aris...

[1] We present the first observations at an interplanetary shock of large‐amplitude (> 100 mV/m pk‐pk) solitary waves and large‐amplitude (∼30 mV/m pk‐pk) waves exhibiting characteristics consistent with electron Bernstein waves. The Bernstein‐like waves show enhanced power at integer and half‐integer harmonics of the cyclotron frequency with a broadened power spectrum at higher frequencies, co...

Biofilm-associated infections in wounds or on implants are difficult to treat. Eradication of the bacteria is nearly always impossible, despite the use of specific antibiotics. The bactericidal effects of high-energy extracorporeal shock waves on Staphylococcus aureus have been reported, but the effect of low-energy shock waves on staphylococci and staphylococcal biofilms has not been investiga...

A hydraulic energy redirection and release technology has been developed for mitigating the effects of blast shock waves on protected objects. The technology employs a liquid-filled plastic tubing as a blast overpressure transformer to transfer kinetic energy of blast shock waves into hydraulic energy in the plastic tubings. The hydraulic energy is redirected through the plastic tubings to the ...

Extracorporeally generated shock waves were first used for kidney stone fragmentation in 1980 and have since become the method of choice for most kidney and ureteral stones. More than 10 years later, shock waves were successfully utilized for the treatment of several musculoskeletal diseases. Shock waves are mechanical waves passing through the surface of a body without causing injury and may a...