Over the past hundred years or so, X-rays have been used for diagnostic purposes. The use of X-rays for imaging purposes, however, exposes patients to ionizing radiation. The increasing use of X-ray in hospitals has made medical exposure an important source of radiation in the population collective dose (1, 2). Ionizing radiation has the ability to break apart biologically important molecules s...

Conventional diagnostic X-ray units are used for radiographic imaging in many countries. For obtaining entrance surface doses, a numerical dose determination method has been applied in Japan. Although this technique is effective, it has to account for errors, particularly fluctuations, due to the beam quality and output of X-ray tubes. As a part of our quality control procedures, we recorded th...

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an indispensable tool for diagnosing infertility in females. The procedure exposes female reproductive organs to ionizing radiation as the genitals are irradiated during the process. Investigating patient absorbed dose during the procedures is essential for effective radiological protection of the patient. Objective: This study aims to investigat...

BACKGROUND Dose assessment using proper dosimeters is especially important in radiation protection optimization and imaging justification in diagnostic radiology. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to obtain the Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) of patients undergoing lumbar spine imaging using two thermoluminescence dosimeters TLD-100 (LiF: Mg, Ti) and GR-200 (LiF: Mg, Cu, P) and also to obtain the a...

introduction evaluation of the delivered dose of externally wedged photon beams by external diode dosimeters during the treatment process requires the estimation of exit surface dose correction factors in various wedge angles and field sizes. materials and methods a system of absorbed dose evaluation, using p-type diode dosimeters placed on the exit surface of a phantom, was characterized for e...

introduction:  skin  sparing  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  characteristics  of  high  energy  photon  beams. however, the photons emerging from the target of linacs are contaminated by secondary  electrons  as  a  result  of  their  interactions  with  air,  collimators,  flattening  filter  and  any  other  objects in their path. this phenomenon tends to increase the skin dose received b...

Introduction Evaluation of the delivered dose of externally wedged photon beams by external diode dosimeters during the treatment process requires the estimation of exit surface dose correction factors in various wedge angles and field sizes. Materials and Methods A system of absorbed dose evaluation, using p-type diode dosimeters placed on the exit surface of a phantom, was characterized for e...

introduction high doses of ionizing radiation can lead to adverse health outcomes such as cancer induction in humans. although the consequences are less evident at very low radiation doses, the associated risks are of societal importance. this study aimed at assessing entrance skin doses (esds) in patients undergoing selected diagnostic x-ray examinations at public hospitals of akwa ibom state,...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to survey image quality and the entrance surface air kerma for patients in radiographic examinations and to perform comparisons with diagnostic reference levels. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this multinational prospective study, image quality and patient radiation doses were surveyed in 12 countries in Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, covering 45 hospitals....

Introduction: The study was undertaken to evaluate the practice of chest radiography using different digital imaging systems and its influence on dose and image quality.  Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in two hospitals from March 2016 to June 2016. Sixty ambulatory patients aged 21 to 60 years who were able to cooperate without difficulty and weighed between 60 to 80 kg were ...