This project will explore issues associated with implementing a GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) transmitter that is intended for use in GSM cell phones. This communication standard encodes information using phase modulation of a constant envelope sine wave signal. By constraining the transmitter output to have constant envelope, a nonlinear power amplifier can be used that broadcasts the s...

An adaptive microwave photonic angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation approach based on a convolutional neural network with bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU-CNN) is proposed and demonstrated. Compared the previously reported AOA methods phase-to-power mapping, method unnecessary to know frequency of signal under test (SUT) in advance. The envelope voltage correlation matrix obtained from du...

This paper presents a comparative analysis between two current control strategies, constant source power and generalized Fryze current, used in Active Power Filter (APF) applications having three different modulation methods. The Hysteresis Band (HB) and first-order Delta-Sigma Modulation (DSM) as well as the second-order DSM is applied. The power section of the active power filter is viewed as...

regarding the role and importance of subsurface drainage in water table control, many studies have been made throughout the world to find out new techniques and more economical solutions, especially as related to different pipe envelope material and their installations. this research was conducted to investigate the use of rice husk, as drain envelope material, in drainage installations. in add...

A constant envelope space-time modulation seems to be an attractive option especially for very high frequency and mobile applications because of its resistance to a nonlinear distortion. The paper first analyzes the mean squared distance of the constant envelope space-time modulated signal in a Rayleigh slowly flat fading spatial diversity channel with independent coefficients. It is shown that...

Fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged proteins is a fundamental tool in cell biology, but without seeing the structure of the surrounding cellular space, functional information can be lost. Here we present a protocol that preserves GFP and mCherry fluorescence in mammalian cells embedded in resin with electron contrast to reveal cellular ultrastructure. Ultrathin in-resin fluorescence (IRF) sec...

In recent years, reducing energy consumption in wireless communication systems has gained prominence. In order to achieve this energy saving, high power efficiency is necessary for the wireless transmitters used. Unfortunately, wireless transmitters usually exhibit severe distortion when acquiring high efficiency, mainly due to the design of power amplifiers. Also, RF modulators, which are buil...