Bone marrow-derived APCs present both parenchymal-self and pathogen-derived Ags in a manner that elicits either T cell tolerization or immunity, respectively. To study the parameters that confer tolerogenic vs immunogenic APC function we used an adoptive transfer system in which naive TCR transgenic hemagglutinin (HA)-specific CD4(+) T cells are either tolerized upon encountering HA expressed c...

Objective(s): Osteoarthritis (OA), as a known degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis. In this study, we aimed to elucidate unclear pathogenesis of OA. Materials and Methods: Rabbit models of OA were established by the transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. Rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups: the experimental group (OA modeling, treated with e...

Antidepressants increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of [insert established name] or any other antidepressant in a child, adolescent, or young adult must balance this risk with the clinic...

I study electoral competition between established parties under threat of entry by a challenger under nonmajoritarian run-off elections. In contrast with classical majoritarian run-off elections, I show how nonmajoritarian rules can facilitate two-party systems, including those in which the established parties deter the challenger’s entry by adopting differentiated platforms. I also show that n...

Background: ART contracts involving third parties have been created while clinical reproductive treatments are globally widespread. Iran is pioneer in applying these treatments in middle-east due to shii’at jurisprudence prescribing them. This key role in region, has raised Iranian jurists’ responsibility in developing a legal system regarding administration of ART. The most significant part of...

This paper aims to introduce fuzzy congruence relations over Heyting algebras (HA) and give constructions of quotient Heyting algebras induced by fuzzy congruence relations on HA. The Fuzzy First, Second and Third Isomorphism Theorems of HA are established. MSC: 06D20, 06D72, 06D75.

Composite biomaterials, which consist of a polymer matrix and a particulate bioactive phase and are hence analogous to bone microstructure, have been developed for human hard tissue substitution. In this investigation, a manufacturing route employing injection moulding was established for producing bone analogue biomaterials. Using this manufacturing technology, a potential bone replacement mat...