This paper proposes a new model, the EMDP (Evidential Markov Decision Process). It is a MDP (Markov Decision Process) for belief functions in which rewards are defined for each state transition, like in a classical MDP, whereas the transitions are modeled as in an EMC (Evidential Markov Chain), i.e. they are sets transitions instead of states transitions. The EMDP can fit to more applications t...

Causal considerations must be relevant to making decisions. Nevertheless, traditional decision theories like evidential expected utility theory do not have the means to distinguish causal from merely evidential relations. As a result, they fail to distinguish cases where a choice influences consequences from cases where a choice does not affect consequences even though they are correlated. Ther...

The core question to be addressed when dealing with the future tense is whether it has a temporal or a modal interpretation. Both answers have been investigated in the literature 1. In this paper, we argue for treating the future as a modal and more specifically as an evidential. Unlike previous approaches, which treat it as a universal quantifier over times or world-time pairs 2, we claim that...

This article discusses two related case marking phenomena in Estonian. The first issue is representing partitive morphosemantics as it is expressed in the language specific aspectual, epistemic modal and evidential grammatical categories. A DRT based sketch of propositional attitudes and speaker-hearer relationships explicates several semantic links between the categories. The second case marki...

The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the use of evidential reasoning approach under Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory of belief functions to analyze revealed causal maps. Revealed causal mapping (RCM) technique, as applied in this chapter, is a qualitative method used to develop or extend understanding of a phenomenon within a specific context. The map can be used to develop models, either ...

Evidential atheism, as espoused by various philosophical atheists, recommends belief that God does not exist on the basis of not just the evidence of which we are aware, but also our overall available evidence. This article identifies a widely neglected problem from potential surprise evidence that undermines an attempt to give a cogent justification of such evidential atheism. In addition, it ...

Machine learning methods that have been used in data-driven predictive modeling of mineral prospectivity (e.g., artificial neural networks) invariably require large number of training prospect/locations and are unable to handle missing values in certain evidential data. The Random Forests (RF) algorithm, which is a machine learning method, has recently been applied to data-driven predictive map...

Compared to children, adults are bad at learning language. This is counterintuitive; adults outperform children on most measures of cognition, especially those that involve effort (which continue to mature into early adulthood). The present study asks whether these mature effortful abilities interfere with language learning in adults and further, whether interference occurs equally for aspects ...

One of the difficulties that arises when using the K-nearest neighbor rule is that each of the labeled training samples is given equal importance in deciding the class of the query pattern to be classified, regardless of their typicality. In this paper, the theory of belief functions is introduced into the K-nearest neighbor rule to develop an evidential editing version of this algorithm. An ev...