Classroom observation research and research on teacher expertise are similar in their reliance on observational data with high-inference procedure to assess the quality of instruction. Expertise research usually uses low-inference measures like eye tracking to identify qualitative difference between expert and novice behaviors and cognition. In this study, we used mobile eye-tracking technology...

Elementary, middle, and high school mathematics teachers (N = 105) ranked a set of mathematics problems based on expectations of their relative problem-solving difficulty. Teachers also rated their levels of agreement to a variety of reform-based statements on teaching and learning mathematics. Analyses suggest that teachers hold a symbol-precedence view of student mathematical development, whe...

To act efficiently in the classroom, teachers need to be able to judge the difficulty of problems from a novice’s perspective. However, research suggests that experts use their own knowledge as an anchor, adjust estimations for others to their own knowledge and thus underestimate the difficulty that a problem may impose on novices. Similarly, experts should underestimate the benefit for novices...

In this study, we have developed a system called FIMA (Flexible Instructional Design Support Multi-Agent System) which supports teachers dynamically in designing instruction by facilitating their thinking in ways characteristic of expert teachers’ thought processes: 1) multiple viewpoints thinking, 2) contextualized thinking and 3) problem framing and reframing strategy. We especially focus on ...

This paper depicts adaptation of expert systems technology using fuzzy logic to handle qualitative and uncertain facts in the decision making process. Human behaviors are mostly based upon qualitative facts, which cannot be numerically measured and hardly to decide correctly. This approach is an attempt to cope with such problems in the scenario of teachers’ performance evaluation. An Expert Sy...

As a part of a larger-scale research, the present study aimed to use the main tenets of sociocultural perspective; namely, mediation, internalization, zone of proximal development, and the activity theory, to analyze the novice and expert teachers’ professional development through personal practical theorizing as an awareness raising technique. Furthermore, the study attempted to identify the c...

Special thanks are also due to teachers and students from the Foreign Language Centre at Exeter University (Director Elizabeth Mathews) and the UCL Language Centre (Director Dolores Ditner) and to the expert assessors, Marie-Dan

These four Pedagogical Patterns are intended to extend the Feedback [5] and Active Learning [2] collections within the Pedagogical Patterns Project. The ideas here have been gathered from observing expert teachers and the descriptions of what they do.

In order to understand whether conceptual obscurity is truly the reason for the slow uptake of IMS Learning Design (LD), we have initiated an investigation into teachers’ understanding of IMS LD outside of technological environments. Using paper representations (“snippets”) of IMS LD component and method elements at levels A and B, 21 higher education teachers from nine countries recreated a pr...