Ensemble learning methods have received considerable attention in the past few years. Various methods for combining several learning experts have been developed and used in different domains of machine learning. Many works have focused on decision fusion of different exports. Some methods try to train all the experts on the same training data and then use statistical techniques to combine the r...

We present a new supervised learning procedure for systems composed of many separate networks, each of which learns to handle a subset of the complete set of training cases. The new procedure can be viewed either as a modular version of a multilayer supervised network, or as an associative version of competitive learning. It therefore provides a new link between these two apparently different a...

introduction today exploiting the participation and the abilities of local people, particularly rural population, toward rural development has been considered as one of the effective strategies toward sustainable and comprehensive development of rural areas. the most important tool to achieve this goal is establishing ngos based on the needs as well as abilities of different groups living in th...

To begin with, I would like to thank the commentators for taking their time commenting on my target paper. I find it fascinating how diverging reflections it has inspired, and how often commentators express theoretical viewpoints that are compatible or that differ, regardless of the authors’ disciplinary backgrounds. I thank Andreas Roepstorff for welcoming the article, and I do feel welcome wr...