Countries have long used import tari↵s as an instrument to stimulate or protect downstream industries; however, in the GATT/WTO era, tari↵s have fallen greatly worldwide. Has the WTO succeeded in limiting the prevalence of this class of industrial policy, or are governments still attempting to move downstream via other policy instruments? For countries with large raw materials endowments, one a...

dependent on initial conditions, stochastic elements are also incorporated into the analysis. In this study, the effects of an export subsidy for cotton are analyzed using a linear elasticity model. COMPARATIVE STATICS OF AN The study explicitly addresses the interaction of EXPORT SUBSIDY current domestic policies with the proposed export subsidy. An export subsidy may be a successful The expec...

Abstract:Non-oil exports are increased in the measures taken, to reduce Iran's dependence on oil revenues. Creating new business areas in different sectors and unused capacities are fac-tors that make it imperative to pay attention to the development of non-oil exports. Ex-port growth is the key to economic recovery for governments. Among non-oil exports, in many countries of the world th...

nowadays international commerce plays a significant role in economic development in different countries and considered as the main engine of economic growth and excellence. because of this importance, export development is one of the main strategic focuses in iran’s macro policies and decisions. however, identification and elimination of export barriers is a pre-step for the efficiency and effe...

In over three decades, Bangladesh has witnessed substantial growth in its export of goods and services. Over this period economic growth has accelerated withGDP initially recording an average growth rate of below 3% in the early 1970s and rising to 5% during the 1990s. The trade and industry policies have changed from being highly import substituting and government controlled to become more lib...

INTRODUCTION: High and sustainable export growth, mainly driven by agricultural productivity, is critical for Zambia to reduce poverty and foster economic development. Despite the fact that, Zambia’s economic policies have for a long time emphasised export diversification, copper remains the main export commodity for Zambia. Coffee, an essential export commodity in most eastern African countrie...

Developmental plans of the country emphasize on the exports-focused growth strategy, and export diversification is one of the most appropriate policies in this area. Export diversification moves from primary goods to industrial goods. Yet, export diversification, according to the principles of international trade, must be based on comparative advantage until to change value-added. Changes in th...