This paper summarizes ndings of a literature review on verbal uncertainty expressions. There have been several studies in this eld in the last twenty years. The main motivation behind these studies is that using verbal expressions is preferred by humans in certain situations and may be practically applied in decision making. It is postulated to re ect better non-numerical nature of the data, av...

This paper summarizes ndings of a literature review on verbal uncertainty expressions. There have been several studies in this eld in the last twenty years. The main motivation behind these studies is that using verbal expressions is preferred by humans in certain situations and may be practically applied in decision making. It is postulated to re ect better non-numerical nature of the data, av...

There is a type of prepositional phrase which not only specifies a spatial relationship between the located object (LO) and reference object (RO), but also forces entailments drawing on knowledge about such things as the canonical function of an entity or the stereotypical interactions which it has with other entities. Often, this restricts the range of possible meanings of the PP and hence the...

Automatic paraphrasing is a transformation of expressions into semantically equivalent expressions within one language. For generating a wider variety of phrasal paraphrases in Japanese, it is necessary to paraphrase functional expressions as well as content expressions. We propose a method of paraphrasing of Japanese functional expressions using a dictionary with two hierarchies: a morphologic...

This paper proposes a framework for analyzing legal sentences including itemized or referential expressions. Thus far, we have developed a system for translating legal documents into logical formulae. Although our system basically converts words and phrases in a target sentence into predicates in a logical formula, it generates some useless predicates for itemized and referential expressions. W...

Identifying documents that describe a specific type of event is challenging due to the high complexity and variety of event descriptions. We propose a multi-faceted event recognition approach, which identifies documents about an event using event phrases as well as defining characteristics of the event. Our research focuses on civil unrest events and learns civil unrest expressions as well as p...

Precise geocoding and time normalization for text requires that location and time phrases be identified. Many state-of-the-art geoparsers and temporal parsers suffer from low recall. Categories commonly missed by parsers are: nouns used in a nonspatiotemporal sense, adjectival and adverbial phrases, prepositional phrases, and numerical phrases. We collected and annotated data set by querying co...

Determining semantic similarity between words, concepts and phrases is important in many areas within Artificial Intelligence. This includes the general areas of information retrieval, data mining, and natural language processing. Existing approaches have primarily focused on noun to noun synonym comparison. We propose a new technique for the comparison of general expressions that combines web ...