Adaptive estimation of the state-of-charge (SoC) for batteries is increasingly appealing, thanks to its ability to accommodate uncertain or time-varying model parameters. We propose to improve the adaptive SoC estimation using multiple models in this study, developing a unique algorithm called MMAdaSoC. Specifically, two submodels in state-space form are generated from a modified Nernst battery...

The spin Hall effect allows the generation of spin current when charge current is passed along materials with large spin-orbit coupling. It has been recently predicted that heat current in a nonmagnetic metal can be converted into spin current via a process referred to as the spin Nernst effect. We report the observation of the spin Nernst effect in W. In W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures, we find c...

Until now, we have developed continuum models for the dynamics of electrolytes at the macroscopic scale, much larger than typical length scales for intermolecular forces. In particular, we have used principles of nonequlibrium thermodynamics, to arrive at general models of interfacial voltage (Nernst equation), reaction kinetics (Butler-Volmer equation), and transport (Poisson-Nernst-Planck equ...

Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations are a coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations consisting of the Nernst-Planck equation and the electrostatic Poisson equation with delta distribution sources, which describe the electrodiffusion of ions in a solvated biomolecular system. In this paper, some error bounds for a piecewise finite element approximation to this problem are derived. S...