nanofiltration-based separation processes have found diverse applications in industrial and environmentalproblems recently, due to several advantages such as lower energy requirement and elevated flux ratescompared with their reverse osmosis (ro) counterparts. several attempts have been made for modellingnf-based separation processes ranging from rigorous space-charge approaches to simpler irre...

In 1887, Walther Hermann Nernst (1864-1941; Nobel Laureate 1920) began his highly successful career as an assistant to Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932; Nobel Laureate 1909) at the University of Leipzig. Ostwald strongly supported the ionic theory and had extended it, especially to the dissociation of weak electrolytes. By 1889, Nernst had established the principles of electrode potential, familiariz...

High surface charges of polymer pore walls and applied electric fields can lead to the formation and subsequent dissolution of precipitates in nanopores. These precipitates block the pore, leading to current fluctuations. We present an extended Poisson-Nernst-Planck system which includes chemical reactions of precipitation and dissolution. We discuss the mathematical modeling and present 2D num...

   In this study, linearized transport pore model (LTPM) is applied for modeling nanofiltration (NF) membrane separation process. This modeling approach is based on the modified extended Nernst-Planck equation enhanced by Debye-Huckel theory to take into account the variations of activity coefficient especially at high salt concentrations. Rejection of single-salt (NaCl) electrolyte is inve...

The equilibrium Nernst potential plays a critical role in neural cell dynamics. A common approximation used in studying electrical dynamics of excitable cells is that the ionic concentrations inside and outside the cell membranes act as charge reservoirs and remain effectively constant during excitation events. Research into brain electrical activity suggests that relaxing this assumption may p...

The Nernst formulation of the third law of ordinary thermody-namics (often referred to as the \Nernst theorem") asserts that the entropy, S, of a system must go to zero (or a \universal constant") as its temperature, T , goes to zero. This assertion is commonly considered to be a fundamental law of thermodynamics. As such, it seems to spoil the otherwise perfect analogy between the ordinary law...

A theory of the fluctuation-induced Nernst effect is developed for a two-dimensional superconductor in a perpendicular magnetic field. First, we derive a simple phenomenological formula for the Nernst coefficient, which naturally explains the giant Nernst signal due to fluctuating Cooper pairs. The latter signal is shown to be large even far from the transition and may exceed by orders of magni...

Following the observation of an anomalous Nernst signal in cuprates, the Nernst effect has been explored in a variety of metals and superconductors during the past few years. This paper reviews the results obtained during this exploration, focusing on the Nernst response of normal quasi-particles as opposed to the one generated by superconducting vortices or by short-lived Cooper pairs. Contrar...

After a brief review of current ideas on stripe order in cuprate high-temperature superconductors, we discuss the quasiparticle Nernst effect in cuprates, with focus on its evolution in non-superconducting stripe and related nematic states. In general, we find the Nernst signal to be strongly enhanced by nearby van-Hove singularities and Lifshitz transitions in the band structure, implying that...

The Nernst effect of Pr 2−x Ce x CuO 4 (x=0.13, 0.15, and 0.17) has been measured on thin film samples between 5-120 K and 0-14 T. In comparison to recent measurements on hole-doped cuprates that showed an anomalously large Nernst effect above the resistive T c and H c2 [1–4], we find a normal Nernst effect above T c and H c2 for all dopings. The H c2 (T) determined from the Nernst effect shows...