In the recent decades, water scarcity has become a major challenge for many reasons, especially the inadequate use of water resources. The mineral processing plant is among the most important water-consuming industries. Filtration, as one of the important processes in water recovery, is a process in which the solid-suspended particles are removed from the liquid. In the present work, the effect...

Big gap between experimental filtration resistance of cake layer formed on membrane surface and the hydraulic resistance calculated through the Carman-Kozeny equation, suggested the existence of a new membrane fouling mechanism: osmotic pressure during cake layer filtration in SMBR system. An osmotic pressure model based on chemical potential difference was then proposed. Simulation of the mode...

Filtration of natural and colloidal matter is an essential process in today's water treatment processes. The colloidal matter is retained with the help of micro- and nanoporous synthetic membranes. Colloids are retained in a "cake layer"--often coined fouling layer. Membrane fouling is the most substantial problem in membrane filtration: colloidal and natural matter build-up leads to an increas...

Five new mathematical triple fouling models were developed to explore the flux decline behavior during the microfiltration. The first model was developed by the assumption of the successive effects of standard mechanism, intermediate pore blockage and cake formation by using the standard blocking flux expression in the model calculations. The second and third models also obtained by the success...

During crossflow microfiltration, formation of cake layer on the membrane inhibits the filter performance. Previous studies on cake formation have focused on the monodisperse conditions, although most field applications are under the polydisperse conditions. In this study, microfiltration experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of particle size on cake formation, especially, at pol...

Perfusion cultures usually reach high cell densities and, therefore, require a spinfilter for cellular retention. But spinfilters may clog prematurely so we decided to study the process by pumping a suspension culture through the filter, so that the cells are trapped inside and the clarified flow-through can be measured by collecting it in a measuring cylinder until partial or total obstruction...