in the present study, streptomyces gulbargensis and its mutant form, s.gulbargensis mu24, immobilized on polyurethane foam were investigated for the production of l-asparaginase using groundnut cake extract as medium. the medium with an initial ph of 8.5 was inoculated with free and immobilized cells separately and then subjected to fermentation by incubation at 40oc and shaking at 200 rev/min....

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on ACAT-1 expression and cholesterol content in THP-1-derived macrophages and foam cells. METHODS THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages and further into foam cells. The macrophages and foam cells were exposed to different concentrations (0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, and 30 µmol/L) of ADMA for varying time len...

The ability of macrophage-derived foam cells to migrate from atherosclerotic lesions represents one potential mechanism for the regression of atherosclerosis. It is, however, generally recognized that the transformation of macrophages into foam cells results in greatly reduced migrational ability. In the present study, we set out to investigate the factors affecting migratory capability in foam...

Several studies in macrophage cell lines, rodent macrophages, and animal models of atherosclerosis suggest that vitamin E may prevent the formation of foam cells. We tested this hypothesis in a recently developed, fully autologous in vitro model of human foam cell formation. During maturation, macrophages continuously increased their a-tocopherol/total cholesterol ratio, demonstrating that thes...

Several studies in macrophage cell lines, rodent macrophages, and animal models of atherosclerosis suggest that vitamin E may prevent the formation of foam cells. We tested this hypothesis in a recently developed, fully autologous in vitro model of human foam cell formation. During maturation, macrophages continuously increased their alpha-tocopherol/total cholesterol ratio, demonstrating that ...

Nicotinic acid (NA) regresses atherosclerosis in human imaging studies and reduces atherosclerosis in mice, mediated by myeloid cells, independent of lipoproteins. Since GPR109A is expressed by human monocytes, we hypothesized that NA may drive cholesterol efflux from foam cells. In THP-1 cells NA suppressed LPS-induced mRNA transcription of MCP-1 by 76.6±12.2% (P<0.01) and TNFα by 56.1±11.5% (...

Uptake of modified lipoproteins by macrophages results in the formation of foam cells. We investigated how foam cell formation affects the inflammatory response of macrophages. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were treated with oxidized LDL (oxLDL) to induce foam cell formation. Subsequently, the foam cells were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expression of lipid metaboli...

BACKGROUND A new mechanism for intercellular communication has recently emerged that involves intercellular transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Several studies have indicated that EVs may play a potential role in cell-to-cell communication between macrophage foam cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerotic lesion. METHODS AND RESULTS This study involved the compari...

Macrophages play an important role in modulating the immune function of the human body, while foam cells differentiated from macrophages with subsequent fatty streak formation play a key role in atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that nanotopography modulates the behavior and function of macrophages and foam cells without bioactive agent. In the present study, nanodot arrays ranging from 10- to 2...

Thin metal films coated on soft elastomeric foam substrates exhibit enhanced electromechanical performance. The open-cell foam structure conveys highly anisotropic mechanical properties within the top, thin capping elastomer at the surface of the foam. Upon stretching, large strain fields inducing cracks and folds localize above the foam cells, while the surrounding cell ligaments remain almost...