It has often been claimed that the structure of export trade between Africa and Europe during colonial period depended on colonizer's identity, with British relying free French, in contrast, employing monopsonistic policies. However, due to lack systematic data trade, this claim remained untested. This study uses recently available prices from African colonies estimate profit margins for French...

This paper studies the effect of British slave emancipation on sugar industry in north-east Brazil. Combining pre-existing annual data Brazilian exports and British, French, American Hanseatic imports with a new monthly series to Liverpool New York, I argue that policies following were related rapid increase demand for market towards end mid-century. The results an interrupted time analysis sho...

Regions tend to become the relevant space for the analysis of public funding of innovation, as emphasised by numerous recent works. However, it is still to be demonstrated that the regional level is really the right spatial scaling for implementing innovation public policies. The aim of this paper is to provide a series of analytical and empirical elements that could help clarify this issue. Th...

This study makes use of the results of a postal questionnaire sent to a sample of large private sector companies in Britain and France to address two key issues in the new institutional analysis of the firm. The first is the way the institutional environment supports and constrains the design of firm-level organisational devices and governance mechanisms. The second concerns the relation betwee...

Effects of the electrical flame off (EFO) parameters on the hardness and work hardening properties of Cu free air balls (FABs) are reported and compared to those of Au. Cu FABs were characterised using an online deformability method that measures the insitu deformability of the Cu FAB and by traditional off-line Vickers microhardness testing of cross-sectioned samples. The online deformability ...

with the rise of nicholas sarkozy to power, in an evident spin, france’s foreign policy became american in essence. from the very first year of his presidency sarkozy adopted a parallel policy to the u.s. atlanticism is considered an important and inevitable leverage in sarkozy’s foreign policy and his government marked a high point in foreign policy after de goulle. this new approach is comple...