AIM To evaluate ocular surface molecules after transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). METHODS A total of 28 eyes of 28 patients who received PPV were examined. Tears (10μl) were collected before and after 20-gauge PPV or 23-gauge PPV. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. The concentrations of each cyto...

Strain gauges are widely applied to measure mechanical deformation of structures and specimens. While metallic foil gauges usually have a gauge factor slightly over 2, single crystalline silicon demonstrates intrinsic gauge factors as high as 200. Although silicon is an intrinsically stiff and brittle material, flexible and even stretchable strain gauges have been achieved by integrating thin s...

We investigate efficiency of a gauge-covariant neural network and an approximation the Jacobian in optimizing complexified integration path toward evading sign problem lattice field theories. For construction path, we employ optimization method. The $2$-dimensional $\text{U}(1)$ gauge theory with complex coupling constant is used as laboratory to evaluate efficiency. It found that network, whic...

The polarity and the magnitude of polyaniline's gauge factor are tuned through structural modification. Combining conducting polymers with gauge factors of opposite polarities yields an accurate temperature sensor, even when deployed under dynamic strains.

Given a pair (semispray $S$, metric $g$) on a tangent bundle, the family of nonlinear connections $N$ such that $g$ is recurrent with respect to $(S, N)$ with a fixed recurrent factor is determined by using the Obata tensors. In particular, we obtain a characterization for a pair $(N, g)$ to be recurrent as well as for the triple $(S, stackrel{c}{N}, g)$ where $stackrel{c}{N}$ is the canonical ...

We investigate the Sudakov double logarithmic corrections to the form factor of fermion in the SU(2)⊗U(1) electroweak theory. We adopt the familiar Feynman gauge and present explicit calculations at the two loop level. We show that the leading logarithmic corrections coming from the infrared sin-gularities are consistent with the " postulated " exponentiated electroweak Sudakov form factor. The...

It is known that the single-modal Weibull model describes well the size effect of brittle fiber tensile strength. However, some ceramic fibers have been reported that single-modal Weibull model provided biased estimation on the gauge length dependence. A hypothesis on the bias is that the density of critical defects is very small, thus, fracture probability of small gauge length samples distrib...