Continuous variable transmission (CVT) is a widely used technology for two-wheeler applications due to its cost-effectiveness, lightweight, and reduced size. This kind of involves the accurate matching system with engine characteristics. paper analyzes typical design procedure develop evaluates current approach’s critical issues. The aims identify possible path improve customization capacity. I...

Revolute-jointed cobots depend on continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). CVTs constrain the speed ratio between two shafts to a particular value within a continuous range. The spherical CVT is well suited to cobots, but like other point contact transmissions, achieving good performance is challenging. We have studied the contact mechanics of the spherical CVT under certain simplifying assu...

This article reports on the design, analysis and control of a new type of wheeled mobile robot based on a nonholonomic spherical continuously variable transmission (S-CVT). Our S-CVT based mobile robot is designed to increase the run time (i.e., the length of time in which the robot can be operated), and to achieve full planar accessibility with the design of a novel pivoting device that takes ...

For an electric vehicle (EV) with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), novel convex programming (CP)-based co-design method is proposed to minimize the total-cost-of-ownership (TCO). The integration of machine (EM) and CVT primary focus. optimized system reduces TCO by around 5.9% compared non-optimized CVT-based EV (based on off-the-shelf components) 2% equipped single-speed (SST). By t...

Among different goals defined in vehicle design process, fuel consumption (FC) is one of the most important objectives, which significantly has taken into account lately, both by the customers and vehicle manufacturers. One of the significant parameters which impacts the vehicle FC is the efficiency of vehicle's power train. In this paper, a half-toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT...

Among HEV configurations, the electronic-continuously variable transmission (e-CVT) architecture can optimally blend power from an engine and electric motor/generators. Design of an e-CVT powertrain is a challenging and timeconsuming task due to the system complexity and the multidisciplinary nature of the design problem. In this work, an approach to develop the system-optimal based instantaneo...

BACKGROUND Ipratropium bromide/albuterol Respimat inhaler (CVT-R) was developed as an environmentally friendly alternative to ipratropium bromide/albuterol metered-dose inhaler (CVT-MDI), which uses a chlorofluorocarbon propellant. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction, device usage, and long-term safety of CVT-R compared to CVT-MDI, and to the simultaneou...