Genes encoding hormone receptors are among candidate genes modulating the risk of ovarian cancer. We aimed to assess a frequency of PGRG+331A, FSHRAla307Thr, and FSHRSer680Asn polymorphic variants, and the length of (CAG)n and (GGN)n repeat tracts in the androgen receptor gene (AR) with respect to ovarian cancer risk and outcome. We genotyped 215 ovarian cancer patients and 352 unaffected contr...

The association between androgen receptor gene polymorphisms and benign prostatic hyperplasia was investigated among 510 men randomly selected from Olmsted County, Minnesota. From 1990 through 2000, lower urinary tract symptom severity was assessed by the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI), and peak urinary flow rate, prostate volume, and serum prostate-specific antigen level...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of polymorphisms for the androgen receptor (AR) (CAG, StuI, GGN), SRD5A2 (Ala49Thr, Val89Leu) and CYP17 (MspA1) genes that are considered to be relevant for risk of prostate cancer. We studied 200 individuals from two cities in the State of São Paulo, by PCR, PCR-RFLP and ASOH techniques. The allelic frequencies of the autosomal mark...

Spermatogenesis is an androgen-regulated process that depends on the action of androgen receptor (AR). Sperm production may be affected in men treated for testicular cancer (TC), and it is important to identify the factors influencing the timing of spermatogenesis recovery following cancer treatment. It is known that the CAG and GGN repeat numbers affect the activity of the AR; therefore, the a...

To determine the effect of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) on glucagon action, glucagon was infused intraportally (1.65 ng.min(-1).kg(-1)) for 3 h into 18-h-fasted, pancreatic-clamped conscious dogs in the presence [NEFA + glucagon (GGN)] or absence (GGN) of peripheral Intralipid plus heparin infusion. Additionally, hyperglycemic (HG), hyperglycemic-hyperlipidemic (NEFA + HG), and glycerol plu...

Background s:648:"The infertility has recently been estimated to affect approximately 9% of couples worldwide. Androgens and a functional androgen receptor (AR) are essential for normal development of the male gender, and for maintenance of spermatogenesis throughout the life. Two polymorphic trinucleotide repeats, CAG and GGN, encoding for the amino acids glutamine and glycine, respectively ar...

Superior androgen receptor (AR) function in subjects carrying a GGN repeat length of 23 (GGN23) has been indicated in vivo. Therefore, the activity of the AR carrying GGN23 combined with CAG22 was compared to the AR with GGN10, 24 and 27, respectively, in the presence of 0.1-100 nM testosterone or DHT. At 100 nM DHT, GGN24 showed 35% lower transactivating activity (95% [CI]: 20-50%) than GGN23....

BACKGROUND We investigated the androgen receptor gene GGN polymorphism and its relation to male infertility and receptor function. METHODS Ninety-nine infertile patients with sperm counts < or = 5 x 10(6)/ml were screened for karyotypic abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions. The GGN and CAG repeats were sequenced in those without genetic abnormalities and in 223 controls. RESULTS Fi...

Early detection of Ground Glass Nodule (GGN) in lung Computed Tomography (CT) images is important for lung cancer prognosis. Due to its indistinct boundaries, manual detection and segmentation of GGN is labor-intensive and problematic. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-level learning-based framework for automatic detection and segmentation of GGN in lung CT images. Our main contributions ...