1 Background The alternation of two languages inside and outside of sentences –codeswitching (CS hereafter) has been studied mainly from two perspectives, i.e. grammatical/syntactic and pragmatic/discourse (Romaine, 1995). Although these two aspects are related and a knowledge of one helps understand the other (Myers-Scotton, 2002:Chapter 2), because of a limit in space, I will focus on the str...

In this paper, we focus on chunking including contiguous multiword expression recognition, namely super-chunking. In particular, we present different strategies to improve a superchunker based on Conditional Random Fields by combining it with a finite-state symbolic super-chunker driven by lexical and grammatical resources. We display a substantial gain of 7.6 points in terms of overall accuracy.

There has been an increased interest in data generation approaches to grammatical error correction (GEC) using pseudo data. However, these suffer from several issues that make them inconvenient for real-world deployment including a demand large amounts of training On the other hand, some errors based on rules may not necessarily require amount if GEC models can realize generalization. This stud...

The UCREL team at the University of Lancaster is engaged in the development of a robust parsing mechanism, which will assign the appropriate grammatical structure to sentences in unconstrained English text. The techniques used involve the calculation of probabilities for competing structures, and are based on the techniques successfully used in tagging (i.e. assigning grammatical word classes) ...

This study investigated the linguistic components of Piaget's class-inclusion task. First, hierarchical classification is examined from both Piagetian and linguistic theory points of view. Then, two general characteristics of child thinking that relate to the different interpretations of the responses to classification questions are discussed: (1) the tendency to overgeneralize rules, and (2) t...

â  â  â  reasons of differences in grammatical opinions among the ancients â â â â â â â  ryadh alsawad * â  marzieh ghorbankhani ** â  â  abstract â â â  the most important characteristic of the rules of arabic language is their extent and diversity, so that they are difficult for learners to manage and learn. there are different reasons that play role in formation of this diversity. some reas...