today, one of the new technologies in the modern era is vehicular ad-hoc network which has takenenormous attention in the recent years. because of rapid topology changing and frequent disconnectionmakes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data between vehicles, called v2v orvehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to roadside infrastructure, called v2i. designin...

This paper introduces a green inventory routing problem with a heterogeneous fleet which extends the conventional inventory routing problem by considering environmental impacts and heterogeneous vehicles. A comprehensive objective is proposed, which minimizes the sum of inventory cost and routing cost, where the latter includes driver wage, vehicle fixed cost, fuel and emission costs, in which ...

The classical vehicle routing problems are designed for distance or cost reduction. The routes generated by the model will be insensitive towards the environmental impact. In this work, a green vehicle routing problem is addressed. A metaheuristic algorithm combining an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm with a Variable Neighbourhood Search algorithm is developed to solve the problem. The hybrid...

The effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) on the weather has caused ever-increasing disasters around the world. Many countries are making significant efforts to reduce GHG emissions in all industrial sectors. In this study, a green vehicle routing problem (GVRP) has been formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem to minimize GHG emissions, considering various realistic factors that include...

In this article, multiple-product PVRP with pickup and delivery that is used widely in goods distribution or other service companies, especially by railways, was introduced. A mathematical formulation was provided for this problem. Each product had a set of vehicles which could carry the product and pickup and delivery could simultaneously occur. To solve the problem, two meta-heuristic methods...

Stochastic Approach to Vehicle Routing Problem: Development and Theories Abstract In this article, a chance constrained (CCP) formulation of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is proposed. The reality is that once we convert some special form of probabilistic constraint into their equivalent deterministic form then a nonlinear constraint generates. Knowing that reliable computer software...