BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) has become an important measure in the diagnosis and monitoring of HCV infection treatment. In the United States (U.S.) HCV GT 1 is reported as the most common infecting GT among chronically infected patients. In Europe, however, recent studies have suggested that the epidemiology of HCV GTs is changing. METHODS We assessed HCV GT distribution ...

In the companion paper, the random copolymer of L-glutamic acids°-L-tyrosine" (GTf was shown to be unable to stimulate the formation of specific antibodies in 19 inbred and congenic resistant strains of mice (1). In several of these strains, however, GT complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin (GT-MBSA) was able to stimulate specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses . Furthermore, immuni...

The introduction of glyphosate-tolerant (GT) crops is expected to mitigate the environmental contamination by herbicides because glyphosate is less persistent and toxic than the herbicides used on non-GT crops. Here, we compared the environmental balances of herbicide applications for both crop types in three French field trials. The dynamic of herbicides and their metabolites in soil, groundwa...

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are diverse enzymes organized into 65 families. X-ray crystallography and in silico studies have shown many of these to belong to two structural superfamilies: GT-A and GT-B. Through application of fold recognition and iterated sequence searches, we demonstrate that families 60, 62, and 64 may also be grouped into the GT-A fold superfamily. Analysis of conserved acidi...

Recent studies suggest that genetic polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) gene may be associated with breast cancer risk. To evaluate the role of this gene in the risk of breast cancer, we genotyped a newly identified GT dinucleotide repeat [(GT)(n)] polymorphism located in the promoter region (6.6 kb upstream of the transcription start site) in 947 breast cancer cases and 993...

Precise modification by gene targeting (GT) provides an important tool for studies of gene function in vivo. Although routine with many organisms, only isolated examples of GT events have been reported for flowering plants. These were at low frequencies precluding reliable estimation of targeting efficiency and evaluation of GT mechanisms. Here we present an unambiguous and straightforward syst...

Mutations in the FAM161A gene were previously identified as the cause for autosomal-recessive retinitis pigmentosa 28. To study the effects of Fam161a dysfunction in vivo, we generated gene-trapped Fam161a(GT/GT) mice with a disruption of its C-terminal domain essential for protein-protein interactions. We confirmed the absence of the full-length Fam161a protein in the retina of Fam161a(GT/GT) ...

Background: Breast is a sensitive organ for women. In addition to pain, breast cancer can cause many psychological problems for the patient. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Gestalt Therapy (GT) and Gestalt therapy combined with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (GT-CBT) on the hope and pain intensity of women with breast cancer. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study w...

Group technology (GT) has a great significance in the engineering industry. There is the greatest utilisation of GT in planning activities, especially in process planning and in layout machine design. GT is a manufacturing philosophy that has proved successful by grouping parts into families to speed production and reduce costs. In addition, the application of GT can lead to reductions of in-pr...

This study investigated the effect of green tea (GT) on short and long term declarative memory and oxidative damage induced by transient ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups of 10 according the stroke type induced: Sham IR, Sham IR+GT, IR, IR+GT, Sham ICH, Sham ICH+GT, ICH, ICH+GT. Supplementation with GT was initiated...