This paper investigates the performance of high altitude platforms (HAPS) based free-space optical (FSO) communication links including HAPS-to-ground station (downlink), ground-to-HAPS (uplink) and HAPS-to-HAPS (horizontal link) communications. The effects attenuation loss, atmospheric turbulence, pointing error angle-of-arrival (AOA) are taken into account. Also, application adaptive optics co...

Although there have been several studies examining emissions of criteria pollutants from in-use alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), little is known about emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from these vehicles. This paper explores HAP tailpipe emissions from a variety of AFVs operating in the federal government fleet and compares these emissions to emissions from identical vehicles opera...

High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) are quasi-stationary vehicles in stratosphere, i.e. between the operational space of the terrestrial and satellite communications equipments. The solar-powered airplanes, airships or balloons can serve in the role of HAPs. The HAPs and their applications offer potential benefits for the delivery of communications services, internet multimedia, remote sensing and n...

Pinellia ternata tuber is one of the well-known Chinese traditional medicines. In order to understand the pharmacological properties of tuber proteins, it is necessary to perform proteome analysis of P. ternata tubers. However, a few high-abundance proteins (HAPs), mainly mannose-binding lectin (agglutinin), exist in aggregates of various sizes in the tubers and seriously interfere with proteom...

Histidine acid phosphatases (HAPs) utilize a nucleophilic histidine residue to catalyze the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphomonoesters to water. HAPs function as protein phosphatases and pain suppressors in mammals, are essential for Giardia lamblia excystation, and contribute to virulence of the category A pathogen Francisella tularensis. Herein we report the first crystal structure...

Asthma has a high prevalence in the United States, and persons with asthma may be at added risk from the adverse effects of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Complex mixtures (fine particulate matter and tobacco smoke) have been associated with respiratory symptoms and hospital admissions for asthma. The toxic ingredients of these mixtures are HAPs, but whether ambient HAP exposures can induce a...

High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) are considered nowadays as a substantial part of the future integrated terrestrial/satellite networks for providing wireless communication services. Airship technology is developing quite satisfactorily and commercial applications are turning into reality. The quasi-stationary aerial platforms operating in the stratosphere preserve many advantages of both terrestr...

Annex 1 describes a methodology for co-channel interference evaluation from a HAPS base station and cellular base stations to a cellular mobile station to provide IMT-2000. The C/I ratio is used as a criterion to set separation distance between a HAPS system and a cellular system. For evaluating the interference within a cellular system, a simplified extended version of Hata’s model is applied....

In this paper, we derive accurate outage probability and bit error rate expressions for a high altitude platform station (HAPS) assisted terrestrial communication system. particular, HAPS is deployed as relay node to assist two ground stations data transmission. Each station-to-HAPS link works on hybrid radio frequency (RF) free space optics (FSO) mode. Selection combining performed at the dest...

Hemagglutinating proteins (HAPs) were purified from Poker-chip Venus (Meretrix lusoria) and Corbicula clam (Corbicula fluminea) using gel-filtration chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 column. The molecular weights of the HAPs obtained from Poker-chip Venus and Corbicula clam were 358 kDa and 380 kDa, respectively. Purified HAP from Poker-chip Venus yielded two subunits with molecular weights o...