The ecology of hydrocarbon degradation by microbial populations in the natural environment is reviewed, emphasizing the physical, chemical, and biological factors that contribute to the biodegradation of petroleum and individual hydrocarbons. Rates of biodegradation depend greatly on the composition, state, and concentration of the oil or hydrocarbons, with dispersion and emulsification enhanci...

background: anthropogenic activities release high concentrations of heavy metals into the aquatic ecosystems, which can be absorbed by the aquatic organisms. in this study, the accu-mulation of cadmium (cd) and arsenic (as) was compared in liver, gill and muscle tissues of toothed carp (aphanius sophiae) in fresh and salt water. methods: a total of 175 fish samples were collected from the shoor...

background: amoxicillin is widely used as an antibiotic in the modern medicine. due to its chemical structure, polarity, activity level, antibiotic specifications, and environmental sustainability, amoxicillin leaks into the groundwater, surface waters, and drinking water wells. many physical and chemical methods have been suggested for removing amoxicillin from aquatic environments. however, t...

: heavy metals are chemical pollutants characterized by their toxicity, stability, bioaccumulation and biomagnification. they might accumulate in aquatic organisms, transfer through food chain and enter into human body. therefore, the study of their accumulation in the edible aquatic species has been a very important part of ecological and monitoring investigations. astacus leptodactylus is a b...

Mercury and other contaminants in coastal and open-ocean ecosystems are an issue of great concern globally and in the United States, where consumption of marine fish and shellfish is a major route of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). A recent National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-Superfund Basic Research Program workshop titled "Fate and Bioavailability of Mercury in Aquatic...

The importance of aquatic food chain bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in contributing to human dose is derived. It is shown that for chemicals with log octanol water partition coefficients greater than about 3, the role of food chain transfer to fish consumed by humans becomes the more dominant route over drinking water. Modeling of aquatic food chain bioaccumulation then becomes necessary ...