Considering necessity of recognizing the knowledge-based economy and achieving its foundations in Iran, the main issue of this research is to clarify the relationship between intellectual capital and Refined EVA in insurance companies which are member of Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, the Refined EVA index was used to evaluate and measure the intellectual capital of the Palick model a...

Background Previous studies have mostly focused on socio-demographic and health-related determinants of health-related behaviors. Although comprehensive health insurance coverage could discourage individual lifestyle improvement due to the ex-ante moral hazard problem, few studies have examined such effects. This study examines the association of a comprehensive set of factors including socio-d...

sale is the alienation of goods with all presumptive, objective and, legal rights related to them in a way that a buyer can have the goods in absolute legal possession. any defects in seller’s ownership, such as the right of easement, usufruct or lien belong to the third party interferes with the absolute ownership of the buyer and his rights. a kind of these rights recognized and protected by ...

Background: Physiotherapy services constitute a principle part of health care systems, and interest in their use has increased in the recent decades.  This study was conducted to investigate the utilization and OOP payment for physiotherapy services in public hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran.    Methods: This cross-sectional study was c...

A principal difficulty in insuring catastrophic risks is the insufficiency of disaggregated historical data on the catastrophe losses. The lack of data and complex spatial and dynamic interdependencies between catastrophic events imply the necessity to base the insurance of property against natural hazards on catastrophe modeling. The purpose of this research is to develop a working tool for in...

granting of intellectual property rights on biological materials could be very contentious issue from cultural, legal, ethical and religious points of view. this could be even more complicated, once it acquires an international dimension. the agreement on trade related intellectual property rights (trips) is the latest international arrangement under which, a complex structure for international...

as social health is a condition-driven, dynamic and fluid concept, it seems necessary to construct and obtain a national and relevant concept of it for every society. providing an empirical back up for iran's concept of social health was the aim of the present study.this study is an ecologic study in which available data for 30 provinces of iran in 2007 were analyzed. in order to prove construc...

background previous studies have mostly focused on socio-demographic and health-related determinants of health-related behaviors. although comprehensive health insurance coverage could discourage individual lifestyle improvement due to the ex-ante moral hazard problem, few studies have examined such effects. this study examines the association of a comprehensive set of factors including socio-d...

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between demand for and utilization of dental services by insurance coverage among adults in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional survey based on telephone interviews was done. A total of 6,029 adults participated in this study conducted in Iran. The interviews were carried out using a structured questionnaire and covered dental vis...