The vast range of heterotrophic plate count (HPC)-detected bacteria are not considered to be frank or opportunistic pathogens, as discussed elsewhere in this book (chapters 4–7) and in previous reviews (Nichols et al. The purpose of this chapter, however, is to highlight important methodological issues when considering " traditional " and emerging procedures for detecting bacterial pathogens in...

The primary concept of controlling the risk of infection from drinking-water for human use (including applications like washing and showering) was founded on epidemiological studies and risk assessments based on highly infectious microbiological agents and a normal population. The growing number of immunosuppressed patients, however, makes it necessary to develop new concepts to protect these p...

Background; Providing Safe drinking water is a prime concerninany community. This analytical study was carried out to evaluate the microbial quality of drinking water in rural areas of northeastern Iran. Methods;The water microbial quality was determined in all villages (a population of 53047 people), in 3 rounds and based on 3 measurements, i.e. Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform, and Heterotro...

A sampling protocol was developed to examine particles released from granular activated carbon filter beds. A gauze filter/Swinnex procedure was used to collect carbon fines from 201 granular activated carbon-treated drinking water samples over 12 months. Application of a homogenization procedure (developed previously) indicated that 41.4% of the water samples had heterotrophic plate count bact...

INTRODUCTION Contaminated sponges might lead to cross-contamination in kitchens since they can transfer microorganisms to surfaces where microorganisms can survive for hours or days and contaminate food. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the transfer and the survival of bacteria from kitchen sponges to surfaces of AISI 316 stainless steel and polyethylene. METHODOLOGY Twenty-fo...

The distribution of obligate oligotrophs in the South China Sea and the West Pacific Ocean was investigated by the I4C-MPN method with a medium containing 0.2 mg organic carbon I-'. In surface waters at all stations except Singapore harbour, the total number of heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 1.3 X 10' to 2 . 5 ~ 103 cells ml-l, and 45 to 98% of the total heterotrophs were obligate oligotrop...