Hyman Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis (Minsky, 1977) proposes that cyclicality in the financial market is caused by a rational process of learning and inference of probabilities. Although a substantial literature is available on the perception of stationary probability distributions, the learning of non-stationary distributions has received less interest. The purpose of this thesis is...

It is shown that in the estimation of an arbitrary signal corrupted by additive Gaussian noise, the optimum minimum-variance estimator is always a simple linear transformation of the logarithmic gradient of the average likelihood ratio which is obtained in the optimum detection of the same signal. Conversely, the average likelihood ratio can always be expressed in a simple functional form conta...

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for when a set-theoretic function can be written using the recursion operator fold, and a dual condition for the recursion operator unfold. The conditions are simple, practically useful, and generic in the underlying datatype.

We present transformations of linearly ordered sets into ordered abelian groups and ordered fields. We study effective properties of the transformations. In particular, we show that a linear order L has a ∆2 copy if and only if the corresponding ordered group (ordered field) has a computable copy. We apply these codings to study the effective categoricity of linear ordered groups and fields.

Recently, Peter Carruthers has advanced the debate over first-order representationalist theories (FORs) and higher-order representationalist theories (HORs) of consciousness by offering two innovative arguments in support of dispositionalist HORs. In this article, I offer a limited defense of actualist FORs by showing that Carruthers' two arguments either beg the question against such accounts,...

In this paper, a displacement-based, variationally consistent, two variable refined theory for shear deformable beams is presented. The beam is assumed to be of linearly elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material and has a uniform rectangular cross-section. In this theory, the beam axial displacement and beam transverse displacement consist of bending components and shearing components. The assum...

In this paper, natural frequencies and dynamic response of thick beams made of saturated porous materials resting on viscoelastic foundation are investigated for the first time. The beam is modeled using higher-order beam theory. Kelvin-voight model is used to model the viscoelastic foundation. Distribution of porosity along the thickness is considered in two different patterns, which are symme...

In the present study, the buckling analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) on the basis of a new refined beam theory is analyzed. The SWCNT is modeled as an elastic beam subjected to unidirectional compressive loads. To achieve this aim, the new proposed beam theory has only one unknown variable which leads to one equation similar to Euler beam theory and is also free from any shear ...