In this paper, the effect of air turbulence intensity on the flame structure in various radii and lengths of a flame holder numerically studied. Finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations. The obtained numerical results using realizable k-ε and β-PDF models show a good agreement with the experimental data. The results show that flame holder with greater lengths yield shorter ...

Aim: During minimal access surgery an assistant is controlling the laparoscope and surgeon should be free to manipulate instruments. Although the advantages of laparoscopic surgery are well documented, one disadvantage is that, for optimum performance, an experienced camera driver is required who can provide the necessary views for the operating surgeon. There are many drawbacks in human camera...

THE finest movements of surgery are made with the fingers and thumb, not with the wrist and hand as a whole. In the usual method of suturing, the needle is grasped by the needle-holder which is held more or less in the palm of the hand. The fine, sharp needles of ophthalmic surgery, such as those made by Grieshaber, inevitably become dulled as they are grasped by the metal blades of the needle-...

Among the central concerns in mathematical finance is the evaluation of American options. An American option gives the holder the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a certain financial asset within a certain time-frame, for a certain strike price. The valuation of American options is formulated as an optimal stopping problem. If the stock price is modelled by a geometric Brownian motio...

Introduction: Bite wing radiographs are indicated in children with closed posterior contacts. Given the fact that nowadays bitewing radiographs are taken using both paper loop and film holder, the aim of this study is the evaluation of acceptance and diagnostic quality of two methods. Materials and Methods: This study is a sort of diagnostic accuracy test that was performed on 20 6-8 year old ...