the biggest challenges faced in big cities are greenhouse gas emission and growing energy needs. efficient utilization of existing infrastructures has a prominent role in response to the challenges. energy hub approach embraces performance of different energy networks. energy hub is defined as a super node in electrical system receiving distinctive energy carriers such as gas and electricity in...

background: current who best infection control practices for injections do not address the use of hub cutters due to insufficient evidence on safety and efficacy. objective: to assess the impact of the use of hub cutters on 1) the frequency of needle-stick injuries (nsis) and other blood exposures among workers and 2) the volume of sharps waste in a mass vaccination campaign setting. methods: d...

hub location problems are among the extensions ofclassical location problems that have numerous applications in designingtransportation, postal, and telecommunication networks. despite the evidentattention of researchers to these problems, there are few studies on designinghub networks under uncertainty and disruption. in this study, the capacitatedsingle allocation hub location problem under d...

the hierarchical hub location problem is encountered three-level network that is applied in production-distribution system, education system, emergency medical services, telecommunication network, etc. this paper addresses the hierarchical hub covering problem with single assignment accounting for mandatory dispersion of central hubs restriction as a special case. this formulation with incorpor...

The existing works considering the flow-based discount factor in the hub and spoke problems, assume that increasing the amount of flow passing through each edge of network continuously decreases the unit flow transportation cost. Although a higher volume of flow allows for using wider links and consequently cheaper transportation, but the unit of flow enjoys more discounts, quite like replacing...

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has formed a Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Group (MSG) to investigate how M&S can enhance NATO's mission accomplishment and promote cooperation its use. The recently formed MSG-145, is tasked to mature the efforts of the MSG-085 and 048 from an academic study into a truly operational capability. C2SIM provides individual nations a capability to use ...

The optimal locating of facilities has large effects on economic benefits, providing satisfactory service and levels of customer satisfaction. One of the new topics discussed in location problems is hub location and hub facilities are subject to unpredictable disruptions. This paper proposes a nonlinear integer model for reliable single allocation hub location problem that considers backup hub,...

This paper presents the process of design involved in prototyping a Personal Health Record (PHR), a patient-centered information and communication hub. As the PHR has to be used by laypeople, we focused on their health related activities (i.e. information management) carried out in the household using a sociological perspective to elicit the infrastructural requirements of the IT. We identified...

The MCU subsystem of the IceCube DAQ is the source that provides the capability to ascribe to each "hit" detected by any of the ~5120 Digital Optical Modules (DOM a time-stamp common to the entire IceCube = InIce + IceTop array. This common timestamp shall be referred to as IceCube Time Calibration (ITC). The creation of the ITC requires a complex sequence of information capture at both DOM and...

Current National Health Service (NHS) policy in the United Kingdom recommends that services should be provided closer to the patient [1] as there are many anticipated benefits in shifting the balance of care away from a central hub to delivering services near to patients’ homes. In implementing this policy, ‘nurseled’ initiatives have often been adopted for a variety of reasons, such as the cap...