INTRODUCTION Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea. There are three types of FHA: weight loss-related, stress-related, and exercise-related amenorrhea. FHA results from the aberrations in pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which in turn causes impairment of the gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and lut...

THE IDEA that by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, stress and overt or latent psychological disturbances have the potential of inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis has been circulated for a long time (1). It is generally thought that, if severe enough, this condition may lead to the suppression of the normal menstrual cycle in a syndrome referred to a...

OBJECTIVE Leptin and the pancreatic hormones amylin and pancreatic polypeptide are being evaluated alone or in combination for the treatment of obesity, but their physiological regulation has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, we examined whether amylin and pancreatic polypeptide are regulated by caloric intake and/or short- and long-term energy deprivation and whether any potential regulatio...

Infertility is a common condition caused by the female factor, male or both. problems can have significant impact on married couples who experience them. In addition to causing medical problems, infertility also cause economic and psychological problems. Couples will undergo long process of evaluation treatment, where this be both physical for infertile couple. The aim article presenting litera...

background and objectives: primary amenorrhea is not a disease but a symptom that may result from several quite different causes[nn1] . common hormonal cause of primary amenorrhea includes constitutional delay, hypothalamic –pituitary dysfunction, chronic systemic disease and absent ovarian function. the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of the chromosomal abnormality referred for...

  Background and Objectives: Primary amenorrhea is not a disease but a symptom that may result from several quite different causes[NN1] . Common hormonal cause of primary amenorrhea includes constitutional delay, hypothalamic –pituitary dysfunction, chronic systemic disease and absent ovarian function. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of the chromosomal abnormality referred ...

Background and Objectives: Primary amenorrhea is not a disease but a symptom that may result from several quite different causes. Common hormonal cause of primary amenorrhea includes constitutional delay, hypothalamic –pituitary dysfunction, chronic systemic disease and absent ovarian function. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of the chromosomal abnormality referred for karyo...