the history of iranian political thought during the islamic era can be divided in 2 parts: middle era and modern era. in the middle era which ended in mashroota revolution, political thought tended to be united with religion, with the rules of thought –genera being based upon religions tents, and the role of reason being only limited to uncritical exposition of the predecessor’s ideas. as a res...

islam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of north africa, the middle east, and southeast asia. the art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s muslims. because islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly in religious contexts- unlike christian art- islamic artists develo...

the ancient iranian prophet, manese, rose in the early days of the establishment of the sassanid empire. by mixing the customs and rituals of various religions such as christianity, judaism, buddhism and hinduism, it easily managed to approach the different nations in every region around iran and gather a large number of following. through intense opposition by the zoroastrian magi, however, ma...

study of the works left behind from the pre-islamic culture of iran and the periods after that indicate the fact that growing the hair of one’s head and beard has not been regarded as a negative point. the faces of noble and the common people, the akaemenid kings, and the sasanid clerics indicate that shaving the head and face in the pre-islamic era had been almost unknown, except in some rare ...

Islam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from Islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s Muslims. Because Islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly in religious contexts- unlike Christian art- Islamic artists develo...

music in iran has a long history. in the early islamic period, music was denounced. in the umayyad period, music still faced opposition from some jurisprudents and a group of muslims. but in the next century, due to positive attitude of governments as well as scientific attitudes of many scholars and scientists of that era, arts received public attention.  the design of women was carved on clay...

Pharmacy is an ethical profession. The aim of this study was to investigate the history of pharmacy ethics in Iran. In the ancient Persia, medical and pharmaceutical ethics were related to religious rules, and everybody had to respect it. The ethical rules were similar to some current pharmacy ethics. During Islamic era, the pharmacy ethics were edited according to the Islamic rules. After intr...