murder is among the most abominable human acts and the most criminal behavior of mankind; in shī’a jurisprudence, punishment for deliberate murder is qiṣāṣ (retaliated punishment) in general. on the basis of this general principle, murder of child by father is regarded as an exception. on that account, the ruling concerning the mother in this respect is set forth and with respect to the solidit...

Representation of a granule, relation and operation between two granules are mainly researched in granular computing. Hyperbox granular computing classification algorithms (HBGrC) are proposed based on interval analysis. Firstly, a granule is represented as the hyperbox which is the Cartesian product of $N$ intervals for classification in the $N$-dimensional space. Secondly, the relation betwee...

(See for instance Metaphysics, Physics, Topics, . . . ) The part-whole relation is to ontology and metaphysics as fundamental as essentialaccident relation, the four different kinds of cause (material – as a constituent (ingredient: the bronze is cause of the statue) –; formal – the form is the account of the essence –, efficient – the source (the man who give the advice, the producer of the pr...

There is a growing interest in the social impacts of information and communication technologies (ICTs), especially in relation to social inclusion or exclusion. With the rapid growth of new technologies and the development of an Information Society, it has almost become necessary to have access to ICTs and the skills to use them in order to be able to participate fully in contemporary society. ...

We present the concept-oriented model (COM) and demonstrate how its three main structural principles — duality, inclusion and partial order — naturally account for various typical data modeling issues. We argue that elements should be modeled as identity-entity couples and describe how a novel data modeling construct, called concept, can be used to model simultaneously two orthogonal branches: ...