This article examines possible explanations for increased utilization of Powder River Basin (PRB) coal in electric power generation that occurred over the last two decades. Did more stringent environmental policy motivate electric power plants to switch to less polluting fuels? Or, did greater use of PRB coal occur because relative price changes altered input markets in favor of this fuel. A ke...

The paper determines the effects of different influencing variables on the media company’s optimal subscription and advertising prices and editorial content. The company maximizes profit consisting of subscription and advertising revenue, minus the costs of content, advertising, and circulation, by setting the subscription and advertising prices and the amount of editorial content. Subscription...

the current study attempted to investigate the mathematical sturcuture of cost function of irrigated wheat crop in kurdistan province. the methodolgy is based on duality assumption. the sample size is 257 farmers for the agricultural year 2011-2012.data was collected byinterviewwith farmers and writing writerquestionnaire.the multistage cluster random sampling used. the results showed that, the...

abstract water pricing is a policy instrument for improving water efficiency, reducing water demand, management of the irrigation systems and recovering costs. the underlying principle of water pricing is that it should reflect the opportunity cost of water. in this study, parametric mathematical programming approache were used to estimate the willingness of farmers to pay for groundwater under...

This study aims to analyze the development of input and output prices, translog profit function, elasticity demand for lowland rice farming inputs in Jambi Province. The function model used is Transcendental Logarithmic (Translog) function. results show that · prices has increased significantly every year. production factors affect profitability are price seeds, TSP fertilizer, other chemical f...

Perfect competition or Bertrand competition cause price to equal marginal cost, so that excise tax incidence can be illustrated with the most basic supply-demand diagram. Some results are: • excise taxes are shared by suppliers and demanders according to their relative price elasticities • holding revenue fixed, it doesn’t matter (for supply price, demand price, and quantity traded) whether the...