radiotherapy dose calculations can be evaluated by monte carlo (mc) simulations with acceptable accuracy for dose prediction in complicated treatment plans. in this work, standard, livermore and penelope electromagnetic (em) physics packages of geant4 application for tomographic emission (gate) 6.1 were compared versus monte carlo n-particle extended (mcnpx) 2.6 in simulation of 6 mv photon lin...

the objectives of this study was to estimation of greenhouse gases (ghg) emissions and global warming in rice production and identify measures to reducing fossil energy use and greenhouse gases emissions. three rice production systems included sri, improved and conventional were studied. all activities, field operation and data in production methods and differents inputs rates were monitored an...

Let graph energy is a graph--spectrum--based quantity‎, ‎introduced in the 1970s‎. ‎After a latent period of 20--30 years‎, ‎it became a popular topic of research both‎ ‎in mathematical chemistry and in ``pure'' spectral graph theory‎, ‎resulting in‎ ‎over 600 published papers‎. ‎Eventually‎, ‎scores of different graph energies have‎ ‎been conceived‎. ‎In this article we...

The energy input into the lower solar corona by flare evaporation events has been modeled according to the available observations for quiet regions. The question is addressed whether such heating events can provide the observed average level of the coronal emission measure and thus of the observed flux of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray emission without contradicting the observed average po...

Introduction: Scatter radiation is one of the major sources of error in nuclear medicine data processing. Different methods of scatter correction have been introduced in order to improve the quality of data. However the best method is to avoid recording of scatter photons in acquisition. The only difference between scattered and non-scattered photons is the energy. Pulse height analyzer i...

in this study, several artificial neural networks (anns) were developed to estimate seed and grain corn yields in parsabad moghan, iran. the data was collected by a face-to-face interview method from 144 corn farms during 2011. the energy ratios for seed and grain corns were calculated as 0.89 and 2.65, respectively. several multilayer perceptron anns with six neurons in the input layer and one...

Background & Aim: Energy is one of important debates in agriculture ecology and for this reason; the ratio of output and input energy in different agriculture ecosystems has been calculated. If one can reduce, input energy level into farms through the indices like poisons, fertilization, tractor energy and lab our force. In addition to the net income of the farmers, this issue would play a sign...