In recent time, it has become a common practice to use different kinds of starch syrups available on the market as winter food for bees. However, physicochemical composition these and their suitability feeding honeybee colonies are still insufficiently investigated. Therefore, our study analyzed three commercially syrups, inverted saccharose syrup homemade tested stores processed by bees from s...

BACKGROUND Studies suggest cardioprotective benefits of dark chocolate containing cocoa. OBJECTIVE This study examines the acute effects of solid dark chocolate and liquid cocoa intake on endothelial function and blood pressure in overweight adults. DESIGN Randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind crossover trial of 45 healthy adults [mean age: 53 y; mean body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 30...

Liquids composed of small-molecule monohydroxy alcohols are demonstrated to display rheological behavior typical for oligomeric chains. This observation was made possible by rheological experiments in which more than seven decades in frequency and more than five decades on the mechanical modulus scale are covered. The singly hydrogen-bonded monohydroxy alcohols were chosen because they display ...

The fate of sucrose (Suc) supplied via the phloem to developing oilseed rape (Brassica napus) seeds has been investigated by supplying [(14)C]Suc to pedicels of detached, developing siliques. The method gives high, sustained rates of lipid synthesis in developing embryos within the silique comparable with those on the intact plant. At very early developmental stages (3 d after anthesis), the li...

The viscosity of some sugars varies continuously by approximately 10 orders of magnitude over a temperature range of 50 degrees C. Sugars are therefore ideal model materials for studying the failure mechanism of materials as they change from the solid to the liquid state. We have used a surface forces apparatus coupled to interference and optical microscopy imaging to study the way two sugar su...

The production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) by fermentation is a process that had been used by industries for decades. Two stage immobilized column reactor system integrated with liquid-liquid extraction was used with immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792, to enhance the ABE productivity and yield. The sugar mixture (glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, and xylose) represe...

Sugarcane bagasse contains cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, 39-42%, 20-25% and 25-27% respectively. So it is can be used as a sugar source in many processes. Lignin and hemicellulose must be removed before hydrolysis of cellulose. Several different pretreatment approaches have been studied. The purpose of this research is comparison of acid, ozone and combination of ozone-acid as pretreatme...

1 BACKGROUND Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is liquid-liquid partition chromatography without using a solid support matrix. This technique requires further improvement of partition efficiency and shortening theseparation time. 2 METHODS The locular multilayer coils modified with and without mixer glass beads were developed for the separation of proteins and 4-methylumbelliferyl (MU) suga...

BACKGROUND The microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay for rapid, low-cost detection of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis depends upon visualization of the characteristic cording colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in liquid media. This has conventionally required an inverted light microscope in order to inspect the MODS culture plates from below. Few tubercu...